Analisis Daya Saing dan Keberlanjutan Industri Bioetanol di Indonesia

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis daya saing, keberlanjutan, dan strategi pengembangan industri bioetanol di Indonesia sebagai upaya mendukung transisi energi rendah karbon. Metode yang digunakan mencakup analisis Porter’s Five untuk mengevaluasi tingkat persaingan, Multiaspect Sustainability Analysis untuk menilai keberlanjutan aspek ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan, serta Analytical Hierarchy Process guna menyusun prioritas kebijakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa industri bioetanol memiliki tingkat persaingan yang rendah akibat dominasi satu produsen, tingginya biaya produksi, dan terbatasnya infrastruktur distribusi. Keberlanjutan pada aspek sosial memiliki status very sustainable tetapi aspek ekonomi dan lingkungan berstatus low sustainable. Sub-faktor daya saing ekonomi dan pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca menjadi prioritas utama dalam mendukung transisi menuju energi hijau. Strategi pengembangan yang direkomendasikan meliputi pemberian subsidi atau insentif, penghapusan cukai etanol fuel grade, penyusunan roadmap pengembangan bioetanol nasional, diversifikasi bahan baku, dan kebijakan pembatasan ekspor molase. Temuan ini menunjukkan perlunya kebijakan terpadu yang fokus pada efisiensi biaya dan jaminan pasokan bahan baku agar bioetanol lebih kompetitif serta berkelanjutan dalam jangka panjang.

This study aims to analyze the competitiveness, sustainability, and development strategies of the bioethanol industry in Indonesia as part of efforts to support the transition toward low-carbon energy. The methods employed include Porter’s Five Forces analysis to assess market competition, Multiaspect Sustainability Analysis to evaluate sustainability across economic, social, and environmental dimensions, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process to establish policy priorities. The findings indicate that the bioethanol industry faces low competitiveness due to the dominance of a single producer, high production costs, and limited distribution infrastructure. The sustainability for social aspect is categorized as very sustainable, while the economic and environment aspect shows low sustainable. The most critical sub-factors identified are economic competitiveness and greenhouse gas emission reduction, both considered key to supporting a green energy transition. Recommended development strategies include providing subsidies or incentives, eliminating the fuel-grade ethanol excise tax, formulating a national bioethanol development roadmap, diversifying feedstock sources, and implementing export restrictions on molasses. These findings highlight the need for integrated policies focused on cost efficiency and feedstock security to enhance the competitiveness and long-term sustainability of the bioethanol industry.