Kepatuhan kapal purse seine yang berbasis di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Nizam Zachman Jakarta terhadap keselamatan dan keamanan

Abstract

Isu keselamatan laut menjadi sorotan global, termasuk di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Nizam Zachman Jakarta (PPSNZJ), karena tingginya angka kecelakaan meski prosedur penerbitan izin berlayar umumnya sesuai SOP. Masalah yang masih sering ditemukan antara lain laporan keberangkatan yang tidak tertib, pembatalan pelayaran yang tidak dilaporkan, serta 11 kasus kapal tenggelam dan kebakaran pada 2020–2022. Permasalahan muncul terkait pelayaran sebagaimana dijelaskan di atas, diduga karena belum adanya tingkat kepatuhan pada aspek keamanan dan keselamatan kapal penangkapan ikan di PPSNZJ. Peningkatan tingkat kepatuhan pada aspek keamanan dan keselamatan kapal penangkapan ikan di PPSNZJ dengan mengoptimalkan fungsi dan fasilitas pelabuhan perikanan diduga dapat meminimalisir kasus-kasus terkait dengan isu keamanan dan keselamatan pelayaran. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi keragaan perikanan Purse Seine yang berbasis di PPS Nizam Zachman; menganalisis prosedur dan tingkat kepatuhan pengurusan keamanan dan dan keselamatan kerja; dan menilai tingkat kesiapan sarana keamanan dan keselamatan kerja di pelabuhan perikanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan kuesioner dengan pendekatan purposive sampling dan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Keragaan perikanan purse seine yang berbasis di PPS Nizam Zachman menunjukkan bahwa armada kapal didominasi oleh kapal berukuran menengah hingga besar, dengan tren penurunan jumlah kapal selama periode 2021–2024. Meskipun jumlah kapal menurun, produksi tangkapan utama seperti cakalang dan madidihang meningkat signifikan, mengindikasikan efisiensi atau peningkatan produktivitas armada. Zona penangkapan didominasi oleh wilayah WPP 571 dan ZEEI, yang menandakan pentingnya armada purse seine dalam perikanan pelagis nasional. Prosedur pengurusan keamanan dan keselamatan kerja pada tingkat kepatuhan nelayan terhadap peraturan kelaiklautan menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar aspek telah dipenuhi secara menyeluruh (100%), dengan rata-rata nilai 95,73 % artinya tingkat kepatuhan sangat puas. Tingkat kepatuhan terhadap perlengkapan kerja seperti helm, sarung tangan, dan perlindungan las masih rendah dengan rata-rata nilai yaitu 45% kategori nilai cukup siap. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran dan implementasi standar keselamatan kerja belum merata di kalangan pemilik kapal dan ABK, meskipun sertifikasi dan perizinan administratif umumnya telah dipenuhi. Tingkat kesiapan sarana pelabuhan di PPS Nizam Zachman secara umum berada pada kategori "sangat siap", meskipun masih ditemukan kekurangan pada beberapa fasilitas penunjang keselamatan seperti survival suit dan line throwing appliances. Sarana kenavigasian seperti alur pelayaran dan SBNP telah tersedia, namun perlu ditingkatkan kualitas dan pemeliharaannya secara berkala

Maritime safety issues have become a global concern, including at the Nizam Zachman Jakarta Ocean Fishing Port (PPSNZJ), due to the high number of accidents despite sailing permit issuance procedures generally adhering to standard operating procedures (SOPs). Common issues include irregular departure reports, unreported voyage cancellations, and 11 cases of vessel sinkings and fires between 2020 and 2022. The issues related to shipping, as described above, are suspected to be due to the lack of compliance with safety and security aspects of fishing vessels at PPSNZJ. Improving compliance with safety and security aspects of fishing vessels at PPSNZJ by optimizing the functions and facilities of the fishing port is expected to minimize cases related to shipping safety and security issues. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to identify the characteristics of purse seine fishing based at PPS Nizam Zachman; analyse procedures and levels of compliance with safety and occupational safety management; and assess the level of readiness of safety and occupational safety facilities at the fishing port. This study uses observation, interviews, and questionnaires with a purposive sampling approach and quantitative descriptive analysis. The characteristics of purse seine fishing based at PPS Nizam Zachman show that the fleet is dominated by medium to large vessels, with a downward trend in the number of vessels during the 2021–2024 period. Despite the decrease in the number of vessels, the production of main catches such as skipjack tuna and madidihang has increased significantly, indicating efficiency or increased productivity of the fleet. The fishing zone is dominated by WPP 571 and ZEEI, highlighting the importance of the purse seine fleet in national pelagic fisheries. Safety and occupational safety procedures at the level of fishermen's compliance with maritime regulations show that most aspects have been fully met (100%), with an average score of 95.73%, indicating a very satisfactory level of compliance. Compliance with work equipment such as helmets, gloves, and welding protection remains low, with an average score of 45% in the “sufficiently prepared” category. This indicates that awareness and implementation of safety standards are not yet uniform among vessel owners and crew members, despite the fact that certification and administrative permits are generally in place. The readiness level of port facilities at PPS Nizam Zachman is generally in the “very ready” category, although deficiencies are still found in some safety support facilities such as survival suits and line-throwing appliances. Navigation facilities such as shipping lanes and SBNP are available, but their quality and maintenance need to be improved on a regular basis