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http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/166760| Title: | Pengujian Daya Hasil Galur-galur Dihaploid Padi Sawah Multi Toleran Cekaman Abiotik |
| Other Titles: | Yield Trials of Doubled Haploid Rice Lines with Multiple Abiotic Stress Tolerance. |
| Authors: | Purwoko, Bambang Sapta Suwarno, Willy Bayuardi Dewi, Iswari Saraswati Yuana, Hayu Widi |
| Issue Date: | 2025 |
| Publisher: | IPB University |
| Abstract: | Beras merupakan bahan pangan pokok bagi lebih dari setengah populasi
dunia khususnya di Asia. Beras menjadi sumber pangan ideal karena selain sebagai
sumber karbohidrat juga mengandung serat, protein, mineral, dan vitamin.
Kebutuhan padi nasional akan terus meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah
penduduk. Produksi beras nasional terus mengalami penurunan akibat perubahan
iklim dan alih fungsi lahan. Perakitan padi multi toleran cekaman abiotik berdaya
hasil tinggi diperlukan untuk adaptasi terhadap perubahan iklim dan pemanfaatan
lahan marginal. Teknik kultur antera dapat mempercepat proses perakitan varietas
tanaman karena galur murni dapat diperoleh dalam satu generasi. Tujuan umum
penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan galur-galur dihaploid padi sawah multi
toleran cekaman abiotik dengan daya hasil tinggi.
Uji daya hasil dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian secara umum.
Uji daya hasil terdiri atas uji daya hasil pendahuluan (UDHP) dan uji daya hasil
lanjutan (UDHL). Kedua pengujian bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakter
agronomi dan menyeleksi genotipe-genotipe uji berdasarkan daya hasil dan
karakter agronominya. Seleksi terhadap daya hasil tidak dilakukan secara langsung
karena daya hasil merupakan karakter kuantitatif yang dikendalikan oleh banyak
gen dan dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan. Selain itu, terdapat beberapa karakter penting
selain hasil, sehingga seleksi dilakukan pada multi karakter. Karakter seleksi
dipertimbangkan berdasarkan ideotipe tanaman yang diharapkan dari kegiatan
pemuliaan, yaitu tinggi tanaman pendek-sedang, jumlah anakan banyak, umur
tanaman genjah-sedang, dan produktivitas tinggi.
Uji daya hasil pendahuluan (UDHP) dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan
Sawah Baru IPB, Dramaga, Bogor. Percobaan UDHP bertujuan untuk mempelajari
karakter agronomi dan daya hasil serta menyeleksi galur-galur dengan keragaan
agronomi baik dan daya hasil tinggi. Materi genetik yang digunakan berupa 56
galur dihaploid dan lima varietas pembanding yaitu Inpari 18, Inpari 30, Inpari 34,
Inpari 35, dan Ciherang. Hasil penelitian UDHP menunjukkan secara umum galur
DH memiliki karakter agronomi baik dan daya hasil tinggi. Hasil seleksi indeks
terboboti dengan karakter tinggi tanaman generatif (-1), jumlah anakan produktif
(+1), umur panen (-1), dan produktivitas (+5) telah diperoleh 30 galur DH dengan
rata-rata tinggi tanaman sedang (119,52 cm), rata-rata jumlah anakan produktif
sedang (16,2 batang), rata-rata umur tanaman sedang (121,0 HSS), dan rata-rata
produktivitas di atas varietas pembanding (5,92 ton/ha).
Uji daya hasil lanjutan (UDHL) dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Sawah
Baru IPB, Dramaga, Bogor dan sawah petani, Kepanjen, Malang. Percobaan UDHL
bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter agronomi dan daya hasil, mempelajari
pengaruh lingkungan dan interaksi genotipe dan lingkungan, serta menyeleksi
galur-galur dengan keragaan agronomi baik dan daya hasil tinggi. Materi genetik
yang digunakan merupakan galur-galur terseleksi dari percobaan UDHP yang
terdiri atas 30 galur DH dan lima varietas pembanding yang sama pada percobaan
UDHP. Hasil analisis gabungan dan masing-masing lokasi diperoleh data karakter
agronomi dan daya hasil galur-galur dihaploid yang sama baiknya dengan varietas
pembanding. Secara umum karakter yang diamati dipengaruhi oleh interaksi
genotipe x lingkungan kecuali pada karakter jumlah anakan dan jumlah gabah
hampa. Hasil seleksi menggunakan MGIDI diperoleh 10 galur dihaploid dengan
rata-rata jumlah anakan tergolong tinggi (21,3 batang), rata-rata tinggi tanaman
tergolong pendek (101,99 cm), rata-rata umur panen tergolong sedang (125,4 HSS),
dan rata-rata produktivitas lebih tinggi dari varietas pembanding (6,28 ton/ha).
Dari kedua percobaan diperoleh galur-galur dihaploid padi dengan karakter
agronomi baik dan daya hasil tinggi. Galur-galur DH memiliki latar belakang
genetik multi toleran cekaman abiotik dari tetua persilangannya. Dengan latar
belakang genetik multi toleran cekaman abiotik serta daya hasil tinggi, maka galurgalur
terseleksi merupakan galur yang potensial untuk diuji lebih lanjut untuk
mendapatkan varietas baru tanaman padi sawah. Rice is a staple food for more than half of the world's population, especially in Asia. Rice is an ideal staple food, not only because it is a rich source of carbohydrates, but also because it contains fiber, protein, minerals, and vitamins. The national demand for rice will continue to increase along with the increase in population. National rice production declined due to climate change and land conversion. The development of high-yielding and multi-tolerant abiotic stress rice varieties is needed for adaptation to a changing climate and the utilization of marginal land. The anther culture technique makes it possible to obtain pure lines in one generation, thus accelerating the process of developing new varieties. The general aim of this study was to obtain multi-tolerant abiotic stress rice lines with good agronomic performance and high yield. Yield trials were conducted to achieve the general research objectives. Yield trials consisted of preliminary yield trial and advanced yield trial. Both trials aim to study agronomic performance and select genotypes based on their yield potential and agronomic performance. Selection on yield is challenging because yield is a quantitative character controlled by many genes and influenced by the environment. Besides, there are several important traits other than yield. Selection characters were considered based on the plant ideotypes expected from the breeding program, namely short-medium plant height, large number of tillers, medium-early plant age, and high productivity. The preliminary yield trial was conducted at the Sawah Baru Experimental Station IPB, Dramaga, Bogor. The objective was to select DH rice lines with good agronomic performance and high yield. The genetic material used was 56 DH rice lines and five check varieties, namely Inpari 18, Inpari 30, Inpari 34, Inpari 35, and Ciherang. The results of this research showed that, in general, DH rice lines had good agronomic performance and high yield. The results of index selection with weight of the characters were plant height (-1), number of productive tillers (+1), harvest age (-1), and productivity (+5) have obtained 30 DH rice lines with medium plant height (119.52 cm), medium number of productive tillers (16.2 tillers), medium harvest age (121.0 DAS), and productivity above check varieties (5.92 tons/ha). Advanced yield trials were conducted in two locations (Sawah Baru Experimental Station IPB, Dramaga, Bogor, and farmer field, Kepanjen, Malang). The objective was to study the effect of environment and genotype x environment interaction, and also select DH rice lines with good agronomic performance and high yield. The genetic material used was selected lines from the preliminary yield trial, consisting of 30 DH rice lines and five check varieties. The results of the combined analysis across two locations obtained data on agronomic performance and yield of DH rice lines that are as good as the check varieties. In general, the observed characters were influenced by genotype x environment interaction except for the number of tillers and the number of empty grains. The results of selection using MGIDI obtained 10 DH rice lines with a high number of tillers (21.3 tillers), short plant height (101.99 cm), medium harvest age (125.4 DAS), and higher productivity than the check variety (6.28 tons/ha). Result of the two experiments, DH rice lines with good agronomic performance and high yield were obtained. The DH rice lines have genetic backgrounds with multiple abiotic stress-tolerant traits from their crossing parents. With the genetic background of multiple abiotic stress-tolerant and high-yielding traits, the selected DH rice lines have the potential to be developed into new rice varieties. |
| URI: | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/166760 |
| Appears in Collections: | MT - Agriculture |
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| cover_A2503231021_a9bc16d8fd664c7a82ab01c03fe39cc6.pdf | Cover | 587.63 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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