Analisis Kandungan Logam Berat Ni, Co, As, dan Cr di Perairan Teluk Jakarta

Abstract

Logam berat di perairan pesisir menjadi perhatian karena potensi toksisitas dan mobilitasnya yang tinggi. Teluk Jakarta sebagai muara berbagai aktivitas industri dan domestik menjadi wilayah utama penerima beban pencemaran logam berat dari daratan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji konsentrasi logam berat nikel (Ni), kobalt (Co), arsenik (As), dan kromium (Cr) pada fase terlarut dan partikulat, serta mengevaluasi potensi pengendapan dan hubungan antar logam di Teluk Jakarta. Sampel air laut diambil dari enam stasiun menggunakan Van Dorn water sampler dan dianalisis menggunakan Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometry. Uji distribusi logam dilakukan menggunakan koefisien distribusi (Log (Kd)), sedangkan hubungan antar logam dan dengan salinitas dianalisis menggunakan korelasi Spearman rank. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dalam fase partikulat, urutan konsentrasi logam adalah Cr > As > Ni > Co, sedangkan pada fase terlarut Co > Cr > Ni > As. Nilai Log (Kd) yang sebagian besar < 3 menunjukkan bahwa logam-logam tersebut lebih stabil dalam fase terlarut, mencerminkan mobilitas tinggi dan potensi pengendapan rendah. Korelasi positif kuat antar logam mengindikasikan kesamaan sumber atau karakteristik geokimia, namun tidak ditemukan hubungan signifikan antara logam dan salinitas.

Heavy metals in coastal waters are a concern due to their toxicity and high mobility. Jakarta Bay, as the estuary of various industrial and domestic activities, is a major recipient of heavy metal pollution from land-based sources. This study aims to examine the concentrations of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), arsenic (As), and chromium (Cr) in dissolved and particulate phases, as well as to evaluate their deposition potential and inter-metal relationships in Jakarta Bay. Seawater samples were collected from six stations using a Van Dorn water sampler and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometry. Distribution was assessed using distribution coefficients (Log (Kd)), while correlations among metals and with salinity were analyzed using Spearman rank correlation. Results show that in the particulate phase, the order of metal concentrations is Cr > As > Ni > Co, whereas in the dissolved phase it is Co > Cr > Ni > As. Most Log (Kd) values were less than 3, indicating that these metals are more stable in the dissolved phase, reflecting high mobility and low deposition potential. Strong positive correlations among metals indicate similar sources or geochemical characteristics, but no significant relationship was found between metals and salinity.