Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/166616
Title: Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Akasia (Acacia mangium) terhadap Karakteristik Ensilasi dan Fermentasi Rumen secara In Vitro pada Silase Indigofera
Other Titles: Effectiveness of Acacia (Acacia mangium) Leaf Extract on Ensiling Characteristics and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation of Indigofera Silage
Authors: Nahrowi
Jayanegara, Anuraga
Ridwan, Roni
Azzahra, Farisha Rachma
Issue Date: 2025
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Indigofera zollingeriana merupakan leguminosa tropis yang memiliki potensi tinggi sebagai pakan ruminansia karena kandungan protein kasarnya yang cukup tinggi, yaitu antara 25%-29%. Namun demikian, selama proses ensilasi, protein dalam hijauan ini rentan mengalami degradasi dan deaminasi menjadi N-NH3 yang berdampak negatif terhadap efisiensi pemanfaatan nitrogen serta menurunkan kualitas nutrisi silase. Salah satu pendekatan potensial untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini adalah pemanfaatan tanin, senyawa polifenol yang mampu membentuk kompleks dengan protein, sehingga dapat menghambat proses deaminasi oleh mikroba. Daun Acacia mangium diketahui mengandung tanin dalam kadar tinggi, namun pemanfaatannya sebagai aditif pakan silase pada sistem produksi tropis, termasuk di Indonesia, masih jarang diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas ekstrak tanin dari daun akasia terhadap kualitas silase indigofera, karakteristik fermentasi rumen secara in vitro, dan tingkat kecernaan pakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan: silase indigofera tanpa aditif (P0), penambahan inokulum Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (P1), penambahan ekstrak daun akasia 1% (P2), dan kombinasi keduanya (P3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik inokulum L. plantarum maupun ekstrak tanin dari daun akasia secara signifikan mempertahankan kualitas nutrisi silase. Silase indigofera dengan inokulasi L. plantarum menurunkan (p<0,05) pH, namun meningkatkan (p<0,05) rasio N-NH3 terhadap total N. Sebaliknya, penambahan ekstrak daun akasia efektif menekan (p<0,05) degradasi protein dan pembentukan N-NH3 selama proses ensilasi. Meskipun demikian, pada fermentasi rumen secara in vitro, ekstrak daun akasia tidak secara signifikan mengurangi konsentrasi N-NH3. Kombinasi L. plantarum dan ekstrak daun akasia menghasilkan kualitas fermentasi terbaik dengan penurunan pH paling signifikan dan peningkatan tertinggi konsentrasi asam laktat (p<0,05). Perlakuan kombinasi juga meningkatkan kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik, menurunkan produksi volatile fatty acid (VFA), meningkatkan proporsi propionat, serta menurunkan rasio asetat terhadap propionat (p<0,05). Namun demikian, produksi metana tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antar perlakuan.
Indigofera zollingeriana is a tropical legume with high potential as ruminant feed due to its relatively high crude protein content, which ranges between 25%-29%. However, during the ensiling process, the protein in this forage is prone to degradation and deamination into NH3-N, which negatively affects nitrogen utilization efficiency and reduces the nutritional quality of the silage. One potential approach to address this issue is the use of tannins, which are polyphenolic compounds that can form complexes with proteins, thereby inhibiting the microbial deamination process. The leaves of Acacia mangium are known to contain high levels of tannins, but their use as a silage feed additive in tropical production systems, including Indonesia, has not been extensively researched. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of tannin extract from acacia leaves on the quality of indigofera silage, in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics, and feed digestibility. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments: indigofera silage without additives (P0), addition of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum inoculant (P1), addition of 1% acacia leaf extract (P2), and a combination of both (P3). The results showed that both L. plantarum inoculum and tannin extract from acacia leaves significantly maintained the nutritional quality of silage. Indigofera silage inoculated with L. plantarum decreased (p<0.05) pH but increased (p<0.05) the ratio of NH3-N to total N. Conversely, the addition of acacia leaf extract effectively suppressed (p<0.05) protein degradation and NH3-N formation during the ensiling process. Nevertheless, in in vitro rumen fermentation, acacia leaf extract did not significantly reduce the NH3-N concentration. The combination of L. plantarum and acacia leaf extract resulted in the best fermentation quality, with the most significant pH reduction and the highest increase in lactic acid concentration (p<0.05). The combination treatment also improved the digestibility of dry and organic matter, reduced volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, increased the proportion of propionate, and decreased the acetate-to-propionate ratio (p<0.05). However, methane production did not differ across the treatments.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/166616
Appears in Collections:MT - Animal Science

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