Daya Saing dan Determinan Ekspor Environmental Goods Indonesia di Pasar APEC

Abstract

Dalam menyikapi perubahan iklim, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) menyepakati daftar environmental goods untuk mendorong perdagangan hijau. Namun, ekspor environmental goods Indonesia di kawasan APEC menghadapi tantangan eksternal dan internal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis daya saing dan determinan ekspor environmental goods Indonesia di negara mitra anggota APEC pada periode 2016–2020. Analisis daya saing menggunakan pendekatan Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), dan X-Model, sementara analisis determinan ekspor menggunakan regresi data panel. Hasil RCA menunjukkan environmental goods Indonesia memiliki daya saing komparatif yang lemah di pasar APEC. Meski demikian, hasil EPD dan XModel menempatkan Indonesia pada posisi rising star dan pasar potensial di Kanada, China, Meksiko, dan Amerika Serikat. Hasil regresi data panel dengan Pooled Least Squares (PLS) menunjukkan bahwa Gross Domestic Product (GDP) riil negara mitra, indeks Environmental Policy Stringency (EPS) negara mitra, dan indeks RCA berpengaruh signifikan & positif terhadap nilai ekspor environmental goods Indonesia, nilai tukar bilateral juga cukup berpengaruh signifikan & negatif, sedangkan pengeluaran Research and Development (R&D) tidak berpengaruh signifikan.

In response to climate change, APEC has agreed on a list of environmental goods to promote green trade. However, Indonesia’s exports of environmental goods to APEC face both internal and external challenges. This study analyzes the competitiveness and determinants of Indonesia’s environmental goods exports to APEC members during 2016–2020. Competitiveness is assessed using RCA, EPD, and the X-Model, while export determinants are examined through panel data regression. RCA results indicate weak comparative competitiveness in the APEC market. However, EPD and X-Model position Indonesia as a rising star with potential markets in Canada, China, Mexico, and the US. Panel regression using PLS shows that partner countries’ real GDP, partner countries’ EPS index, and RCA index have a significant & positive effect on Indonesia’s environmental goods export value, the bilateral exchange rate is moderately significant & negative, while R&D expenditure is insignificant.