Produktivitas Galur dan Varietas Padi (Oryza sativa) pada Jarak Tanam Berbeda

Abstract

Padi merupakan sumber pangan pokok yang kebutuhannya terus meningkat, sehingga produksinya perlu peningkatan. Faktor keberhasilan budidaya padi dipengaruhi teknologi produksi seperti jarak tanam dan varietas. Seiring lajunya perkembangan, saat ini banyak varietas tanaman padi yang dilepas, seperti varietas IPB 11S Bepe serta beberapa galur yang sedang diuji seperti galur M7 dan M9. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan jarak tanam untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi galur M7, galur M9, dan IPB 11S Bepe. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Sawah Baru, IPB, Bogor pada bulan Desember 2024 sampai April 2025. Penelitian terdiri atas dua faktor yaitu 5 jarak tanam dan 3 genotipe. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan split plot dengan 3 ulangan. Jarak tanam sebagai petak utama dan genotipe sebagai anak petak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jarak tanam 20 cm × 20 cm memberikan produktivitas gabah kering giling tertinggi. Genotipe IPB 11S Bepe menghasilkan produktivitas gabah kering giling tertinggi, sedangkan galur M9 memiliki potensi hasil tinggi tetapi memiliki nilai persentase gabah isi rendah. Interaksi antara jarak tanam dan genotipe tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap produktivitas.

Rice is a staple food whose demand continues to increase, thus requiring improved production. The success of rice cultivation is influenced by production technologies such as plant spacing and variety. Along with agricultural development, many rice varieties have been released, such as IPB 11S Bepe, as well as several lines currently under evaluation, including M7 and M9. This study aims to determine the appropriate plant spacing to increase the productivity of rice lines M7, M9, and the IPB 11S Bepe variety. The research was conducted at the IPB Experimental Station, Bogor, from December 2024 to April 2025. The experiment used a split-plot design with two factors: five levels of plant spacing and three genotypes with three replications. Main plot was plant spacing and subplot was genotype. The results showed that the 20 cm × 20 cm spacing produced the highest dry grain productivity. The IPB 11S Bepe genotype had the highest harvested and milled dry grain productivity, while the M9 line had high yield potential but a lower percentage of filled grains. There was no significant interaction between plant spacing and genotype on productivity.