Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Hayati dan Organik terhadap Produktivitas Padi Varietas Bioemas

Abstract

Padi (Oriza sativa L.) merupakan makanan pokok masyarakat Indonesia. Kebutuhan padi semakin meningkat namun produktivitas menurun pada tahun 2023. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pemberian pupuk hayati dan organik terhadap produktivitas padi varietas Bioemas dengan pengurangan fosfor menggunakan metode budidaya jenuh air. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2024 hingga Maret 2025 di Kebun Percobaan Sawah Baru dan Laboratorium Pascapanen departemen AGH, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok teracak (RKLT) dengan dua faktor yaitu pemberian dosis pupuk fosfor (TSP) serta pemberian pupuk hayati dan organik. Budidaya padi menggunakan metode budidaya jenuh air (BJA) dengan ketinggian air 5 cm serta ketinggian air dengan permukaan tanah 15 cm. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 10 tanaman sampel dengan beberapa peubah, yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan vegetatif, panjang daun bendera, lebar daun bendera, bobot tajuk, panjang malai, jumlah gabah per tiga malai setiap rumpun, bobot 1000, Bobot Gabah Ubinan (GKP), Produktivitas padi yang dikonversi menggunakan bobot ubinan. Data yang didapatkan diolah menggunakan aplikasi Microsoft Excel dan SAS. Pemberian pupuk hayati dan pupuk organik tidak efektif dalam meningkatakan produksi padi. Potensi hasil panen padi varietas bioemas hingga 6,2 ton hingga 7,6 ton per ha.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food for the Indonesian population. While the demand for rice continues to increase, its productivity declined in 2023. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of biofertilizer and organic fertilizer application on the productivity of Bioemas rice variety under reduced phosphorus input using the saturated soil culture (SSC) method. The experiment was conducted from September 2024 to March 2025 at the Sawah Baru Experimental Field and the Post-Harvest Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University. A factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used, consisting of two factors: phosphorus fertilizer dosage (100% and 50% of TSP) and fertilizer treatment types (biofertilizer, organic fertilizer, a combination of both, and control). The biofertilizer used was arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), while the organic fertilizer was humic acid. The saturated soil culture method maintained a water level of 5 cm and a 15 cm distance between the water surface and soil surface. Observations were made on 10 sample plants per plot, with variables including plant height, number of vegetative tillers, flag leaf length and width, shoot biomass, panicle length, number of grains per three panicles, 1,000-grain weight, harvested grain weight (GKP), and yield calculated based on converted harvested grain weight. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SAS software. The results showed that the application of biofertilizer and organic fertilizer did not significantly affect rice productivity. The potential yield of Bioemas variety ranged from 6.2 to 7.6 tons per hectare.