Evaluasi Keragaan dan Daya Hasil Beberapa Genotipe Nonhibrida Paprika (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) IPB di Dataran Rendah

Abstract

Paprika (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) merupakan salah satu tanaman unggulan hortikultura bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Indonesia belum memiliki varietas paprika nasional. Kondisi ini menjadi peluang besar bagi pemulia tanaman untuk memperbaiki karakter paprika di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi keragaan dan daya hasil pada enam genotipe paprika nonhibrida IPB. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Oktober 2024 hingga Mei 2025 di rumah kaca CV Benih Dramaga. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) faktor tunggal dengan tiga ulangan. Bahan tanam yang digunakan terdiri dari enam genotipe paprika nonhibrida IPB dan tiga varietas cabai besar komersial. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan keragaan dan daya hasil antar genotipe paprika nonhibrida IPB dan varietas pembandingnya. Umur panen genotipe berkisar antara 117,25–130,47 HST. Daya simpan antar genotipe uji berkisar 12,33-17,00 HSP. Kadar vitamin C antar genotipe dan varietas pembanding berkisar 0,62–1,63 mg g-1. Genotipe F7.374378-1-8-1-1-1 merupakan genotipe dengan daya simpan buah terlama mencapai 17 HSP. Kadar vitamin C tertinggi didapatkan pada genotipe F8.356005-5-46-1-8-4-1 sebesar 1,63 mg g-1. F8.357005-1-1-7-4-4-1 merupakan genotipe uji dengan bobot buah per tanaman dan potensi hasil tertinggi mencapai 674,71 g per tanaman dan 808,43 g per tanaman.

Paprika (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) was one of the superior horticultural crops with high economic value. Indonesia did not yet have a national paprika variety. This condition was a great opportunity for plant breeders to improve the character of paprika in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the performance and yield of six non-hybrid paprika genotypes from IPB. The study was conducted from October 2024 to May 2025 in the CV Benih Dramaga greenhouse. This study used a single-factor randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The planting materials used consisted of six non-hybrid paprika genotypes of IPB and three commercial chili varieties. The results of this study indicated that there were differences in performance and yield between non-hybrid paprika genotypes of IPB and their comparison varieties. The harvest age ranged from 117.25–130.47 DAP. The storage life between test genotypes varied from 12.33–17.00 DAH. The vitamin C content between genotypes ranged from 0.62–1.63 mg g-1. F7.374378-1-8-1-1-1 was the genotype with the longest fruit storage life reaching 17 days after harvest. The highest vitamin C content was found in F8.356005-5-46-1-8-4-1 at 1.63 mg g-1. F8.357005-1-1-7-4-4-1 was the test genotype with the highest fruit yield per plant and yield potential reaching 674,71 g per plant and 808,43 g per plant.