Evaluasi Karakter Agronomi Famili F2:3 Beberapa Populasi Persilangan Kacang Hijau

Abstract

Seleksi pedigree diterapkan dalam seleksi populasi bersegregasi tanaman menyerbuk sendiri untuk memilih genotipe terbaik dari famili terbaik di populasi F3. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai keragaan karakter agronomi, menduga nilai heritabilitas, dan seleksi terhadap famili F2:3 dari beberapa populasi persilangan kacang hijau. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo, Institut Pertanian Bogor pada bulan September hingga Januari 2025. Bahan genetik yang digunakan adalah 38 famili F2:3 kacang hijau hasil seleksi pedigree dan 8 genotipe pembanding. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak augmented faktor tunggal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya keragaman diantara famili untuk karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang total, jumlah cabang produktif, lebar tajuk, umur panen, bobot polong, bobot biji, jumlah polong, jumlah biji, panjang polong, dan panjang tandan bunga. Seluruh karakter agronomi yang diamati lebih besar dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik berdasarkan nilai heritabilitas arti luas kategori tinggi berkisar antara 56,53?92,53%. Karakter jumlah cabang total, karakter jumlah cabang produktis, karakter panjang tandan bunga, karakter jumlah polong, dan karakter bobot biji memiliki nilai Koefisien Keragaman Genetik yang tergolong luas. Seleksi berdasarkan bobot biji memilih famili Seleksi berdasarkan bobot biji memilih famili 60 x 129?5(U4), L1 x V2?7(U4), 422H x V1?9(U4), 60 x 129?3(U1), L1 x V1?12(U3), 60 x 129?5/4(U2), 422H x V1?4(U1), 82 x V1?9(U1) dengan bobot biji 8,84?5,72 g.

Pedigree selection is applied in the selection of segregating populations of self?pollinating plants to identify the best genotypes from the best families in the F3 population. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of agronomic traits, estimate heritability values, and conduct selection among F2:3 families from several mungbean crossing populations. The research was conducted at the Leuwikopo Experimental Farm, Bogor Agricultural Institute, from September to January 2025. The genetic materials consisted of 38 F2:3 mungbean families obtained through pedigree selection and 8 check genotypes. The research results showed diversity among families for the traits of plant height, total number of branches, number of productive branches, canopy width, harvest age, pod weight, seed weight, number of pods, number of seeds, pod length, and inflorescence length. All observed agronomic traits were found to be more strongly influenced by genetic factors, as indicated by high broad?sense heritability values, ranging from 56.53% to 92.53%. The traits of total number of branches, number of productive branches, inflorescence length, number of pods, and seed weight exhibited a wide coefficient of genetic variation. Selection based on seed weight identified family 60 x 129?5(U4), L1 x V2?7(U4), 422H x V1?9(U4), 60 x 129?3(U1), L1 x V1?12(U3), 60 x 129?5/4(U2), 422H x V1?4(U1), 82 x V1?9(U1) with a seed weight of 8,84?5,72 g.