Penanganan Limbah Cair Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Muara Angke Menuju Pengelolaan Pelabuhan Ramah Lingkungan

Abstract

Limbah perikanan yang tidak terkelola di kawanan PPN Muara Angke berpotensi menimbulkan pencemaran. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sistem penanganan limbah cair, membandingkan kualitas air limbah dan air laut dengan baku mutu yang berlaku, serta merumuskan strategi pengelolaan limbah cair dalam mendukung pelabuhan perikanan yang ramah lingkungan. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis komparatif dari acuan Permen LH No. 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah dan PP No. 22 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, metode Indeks Pencemaran (IP), serta analisis SWOT (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sistem penanganan limbah cair menggunakan metode penanganan fisika, melalui pengendapan dari kolam limbah. Beberapa parameter kualitas air limbah, seperti COD, amonia, serta minyak dan lemak, melebihi baku mutu yang ditetapkan. Nilai IP menunjukkan kategori tercemar ringan hingga sedang pada perairan sekitar pelabuhan. Pengelolaan limbah cair di PPN Muara Angke dikategorikan belum optimal. Strategi pengelolaan limbah cair yang disusun terdiri atas lima strategi utama yang diarahkan untuk memperkuat infrastruktur IPAL, meningkatkan kesadaran pelaku industri, dan membentuk sistem pengawasan terpadu.

Unmanaged fishery waste in the Muara Angke Nusantara Fishing Port (PPN Muara Angke) area has the potential to cause environmental pollution. This study aims to identify the wastewater treatment system, compare the quality of wastewater and seawater with applicable quality standards, and formulate strategies for wastewater management to support environmentally friendly fishing ports. The data were analyzed using comparative analysis based on the Minister of Environment Regulation No. 5 of 2014 on Wastewater Quality Standards and Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 on Environmental Protection and Management, the Pollution Index (PI) method, and SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis. The results showed that the wastewater treatment system employed a physical treatment method through sedimentation in waste ponds. Several wastewater quality parameters, such as COD, ammonia, and oil and grease, exceeded the established quality standards. The PI values indicated that the waters around the port ranged from lightly to moderately polluted. Wastewater management at PPN Muara Angke is categorized as suboptimal. The proposed wastewater management strategy consists of five main strategies aimed at strengthening wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) infrastructure, increasing industry stakeholder awareness, and establishing an integrated monitoring system.