Uji Daya Hasil dan Keragaan Galur Hibrida dan Nonhibrida Cabai Super Pedas (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)

Abstract

Cabai super pedas (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) merupakan komoditas hortikultura yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi dan kadar kepedasan yang jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan cabai rawit sehingga potensial sebagai bahan baku produk olahan pedas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi daya hasil dan keragaan agronomis beberapa galur hibrida dan nonhibrida cabai super pedas. Penelitian dilaksanakan Oktober 2024 hingga Mei 2025 di rumah kaca CV Benih Dramaga, Bogor, menggunakan 8 galur cabai IPB (5 nonhibrida dan 3 hibrida) serta 5 varietas pembanding. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa genotipe berpengaruh nyata terhadap seluruh karakter. Rataan pada karakter genotipe hibrida F1.383388, F1.382383, dan F1.383385 lebih tinggi dibandingkan rataan genotipe nonhibrida dan pembanding. F1.382383 merupakan genotipe uji hibrida terbaik yang memiliki bobot buah per tanaman (530,05 g tanaman-1), jumlah buah per tanaman (82,17), dan potensi hasil yang lebih tinggi (757,70 g tanaman-1). Genotipe uji yang memiliki kadar kepedasan tertinggi yaitu F1.383388 sebesar 1.013.966 SHU. Terdapat perbedaan karakter kualitatif di antara genotipe kecuali karakter garis antosianin buah, bentuk bunga, bentuk biji, dan bentuk daun.

Super hot pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) is a horticultural commodity with high economic value and a much higher pungency level compared to bird’s eye chili (Capsicum frutescens) making it a promising raw material for spicy processed products. This study aimed to evaluate the yield potential and agronomic performance of several hybrid and non-hybrid lines of super hot pepper. The research was conducted from October 2024 to May 2025 in the greenhouse of CV Benih Dramaga, Bogor, using 8 IPB-developed pepper lines (5 non-hybrids and 3 hybrids) along with 5 comparison varieties. The experimental design used was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The analysis showed that genotype had a significant effect on all observed traits. The mean values of hybrid genotypes F1.383388, F1.382383, and F1.383385 were higher than those of non-hybrid genotypes and comparison varieties. F1.382383 was identified as the best-performing hybrid genotype, with fruit weight per plant (530,05 g plant?¹), number of fruits per plant (82,17), and higher yield potential (757,70 g plant?¹). The genotype with the highest pungency level was F1.383388, reaching 1.013.966 SHU. There were differences in qualitative characters among the genotypes, except for fruit anthocyanin stripe, flower shape, seed shape, and leaf shape.