Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/165639
Title: Karakteristik Vegetasi dan Tanah Hutan Pasca Kebakaran di Gunung Lawu, BKPH Lawu Selatan, KPH Lawu Ds
Other Titles: Post-Fire Vegetation and Soil Characteristics of Mount Lawu Forest, BKPH Lawu Selatan, KPH Lawu Ds
Authors: Istomo
Syaufina, Lailan
Irwansyah, Muh Yosrilrafiq
Issue Date: 2025
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Kebakaran hutan merupakan salah satu bentuk gangguan ekologis yang mengakibatkan perubahan drastis terhadap struktur dan fungsi ekosistem, termasuk pada karakteristik vegetasi dan tanah. Kawasan hutan Gunung Lawu yang termasuk dalam wilayah kerja BKPH Lawu Selatan, KPH Lawu Ds, Perum Perhutani Divisi Regional Jawa Timur telah mengalami beberapa kejadian kebakaran hutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman komposisi dan struktur vegetasi akibat suksesi, menganalisis karakteristik tanah pada berbagai tahap suksesi, serta mengidentifikasi spesies pionir potensial yang dapat beradaptasi dalam proses suksesi hutan Gunung Lawu pasca kebakaran. Penelitian dilakukan pada tiga tipe penutupan lahan yang merepresentasikan tahapan suksesi: semak belukar (kebakaran 2019), hutan sekunder muda (kebakaran 2015), dan hutan sekunder tua (kebakaran 2002). Data vegetasi dikumpulkan menggunakan metode nested plot dan analisis dilakukan terhadap parameter Indeks Nilai Penting, indeks keanekaragaman, kekayaan, dan kemerataan jenis. Karakteristik tanah yang dianalisis yaitu sifat tanah meliputi pH, C-organik, nitrogen total, rasio C/N, kapasitas tukar kation, kejenuhan basa, bulk density, dan respirasi tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses suksesi memengaruhi pergeseran dominasi spesies vegetasi. Lokasi semak belukar didominasi oleh jenis alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica) dan puspa (Schima wallichii), sedangkan pada hutan sekunder muda hingga tua dominasi bergeser dari jenis puspa (Schima wallichii) ke jenis pasang (Lithocarpus sundaicus) sebagai spesies klimaks. Struktur diameter batang menunjukkan pola kurva-J terbalik, mencerminkan komunitas hutan yang masih mengalami proses regenerasi alami. Biomassa tegakan mengalami peningkatan seiring tahapan suksesi, yaitu sebesar 9,03 ton/ha pada semak belukar, 333,19 ton/ha pada hutan sekunder muda, dan 503,04 ton/ha pada hutan sekunder tua. Pola ini mengindikasikan akumulasi karbon dan kematangan ekosistem. Karakteristik tanah pada masing-masing lokasi menunjukkan variasi yang mencerminkan respons terhadap tahapan suksesi. Kisaran nilai pH berada antara 5,30–5,63; C-organik 13,60–16,03%; nitrogen total 0,90–1,15%; kapasitas tukar kation 36,48–47,62 cmol(+)/kg; kejenuhan basa 5,33–32,67%; bulk density 0,170–0,240 g/cm³; serta respirasi tanah 16,80 mg/kg C-CO2/hari - 18,27 mg/kg C-CO2/hari . Korelasi positif ditemukan antara nilai biomassa dengan parameter pH, nitrogen total, kapasitas tukar kation, kejenuhan basa, dan respirasi tanah yang menunjukkan bahwa vegetasi turut memengaruhi pemulihan sifat kimia dan biologi tanah pasca kebakaran. Temuan penting dalam penelitian ini adalah identifikasi puspa (S. wallichii) sebagai spesies pionir dominan yang mampu beradaptasi pada seluruh strata vegetasi dari tahap awal hingga menengah suksesi. Spesies ini menunjukkan kemampuan regeneratif yang tinggi dan ketahanan terhadap kebakaran, sehingga berpotensi sebagai spesies kunci dalam pemulihan pasca kebakaran hutan.
Forest fires are one of the ecological disturbances that cause drastic changes in the structure and function of ecosystems, including vegetation and soil characteristics. The forest area of Mount Lawu, administered by BKPH Lawu Selatan, KPH Lawu Ds, Perum Perhutani Divisi Regional Jawa Timur, has experienced several forest fire events. This study aims to analyze the diversity, composition, and structure of vegetation in relation to succession, examine soil characteristics across different successional stages, and identify potential pioneer species capable of adapting to post-fire forest succession in Mount Lawu. The research was conducted in three types of land cover representing successional stages: shrubland (burned in 2019), young secondary forest (burned in 2015), and old secondary forest (burned in 2002). Vegetation data were collected using the nested plot method, and analyses were conducted on parameters including Importance Value Index, species diversity, richness, and evenness indices. Soil properties analyzed included pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, bulk density, and soil respiration. The results showed that the succession process influenced shifts in dominant vegetation species. The shrubland was dominated by Imperata cylindrica and Schima wallichii, while in the young to old secondary forests, dominance shifted from Schima wallichii to Lithocarpus sundaicus as a climax species. The stem diameter structure exhibited a reverse J-curve pattern, reflecting a forest community undergoing natural regeneration. Stand biomass increased with succession: 9,03 tons/ha in shrubland, 333,19 tons/ha in young secondary forest, and 503,04 tons/ha in old secondary forest, indicating carbon accumulation and ecosystem maturation. Soil properties varied by site, reflecting responses to succession stages. The pH ranged from 5,30 to 5,63; organic carbon from 13,60% to 16,03%; total nitrogen from 0,90% to 1,15%; cation exchange capacity from 36,48 to 47,62 cmol(+)/kg; base saturation from 5,33% to 32,67%; bulk density from 0,170 to 0,240 g/cm³; and soil respiration from 16,80 mg/kg C-CO2/day to 18,27 mg/kg C-CO2/day. Positive correlations were found between biomass and pH, total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, and soil respiration, indicating that vegetation contributes to the recovery of soil chemical dan biological properties following fire. A key finding of this study is the identification of Schima wallichii as a dominant pioneer species capable of adapting across all vegetation strata from early to intermediate successional stages. This species demonstrates high regenerative ability and fire resistance, suggesting its potential role as a keystone species in post-fire forest restoration.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/165639
Appears in Collections:MT - Forestry

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