Potensi Cendawan Endofit Asal Tanaman Mahoni sebagai Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman dan Agensia Hayati

Abstract

Cendawan endofit memiliki potensi terhadap peningkatan pertumbuhan tanaman dan ketahanan tanaman inang terhadap patogen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengeksplorasi jenis cendawan endofit dari tanaman Swietenia macrophylla dan Swietenia mahagoni dan menguji potensinya sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan dan agensia hayati. Metode yang dilakukan meliputi isolasi cendawan endofit, uji patogenisitas, uji pertumbuhan tanaman, uji antagonisme terhadap cendawan patogen Curvularia sp., dan identifikasi cendawan endofit. Sebanyak 42 isolat cendawan endofit berhasil diisolasi dari akar dan daun S. macrophylla dan S. mahagoni. Frekuensi isolat tertinggi berasal dari organ daun yaitu sebesar 100%. Hasil uji patogenisitas menunjukkan bahwa 10 dari 42 isolat cendawan berpotensi sebagai non-patogen pada tanaman. Sepuluh cendawan endofit tersebut berpengaruh nyata dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman sengon dan berpengaruh nyata dalam menekan pertumbuhan patogen Curvularia sp. secara in vitro. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis, cendawan endofit potensial tersebut termasuk ke dalam genus Penicillium, Colletotrichum, Trichoderma, dan Botrytis.

Endophytic fungi have the potential to increase plant growth and host plant resistance to pathogens. The purpose of this study was to explore the types of endophytic fungi from Swietenia macrophylla and Swietenia mahagoni plants and test their potential as growth promoters and biological agents. The methods used included endophytic fungal isolation, pathogenicity tests, plant growth tests, antagonism tests against the pathogenic fungus Curvularia sp., and identification of endophytic fungi. The forty two endophytic fungal isolates were successfully isolated from the roots and leaves of S. macrophylla and S. mahagoni. The highest frequency of isolates came from the leaf organ, which was 100%. The results of the pathogenicity test showed that 10 of the 42 fungal isolates had the potential to be non-pathogenic in plants. The ten endophytic fungi significantly increased the growth of sengon plants and significantly suppressed the growth of the pathogen Curvularia sp. in vitro. Based on the results of macroscopic and microscopic identification, the potential endophytic fungi belong to the genera Penicillium, Colletotrichum, Trichoderma, and Botrytis.