Pengaruh Kondisi Kualitas Air Terhadap Kinerja Produksi Budidaya Udang Vaname Litopenaeus vannamei Sistem Intensif di Tambak Rakyat, Kendal, Jawa Tengah.

Abstract

Kualitas air merupakan faktor utama dalam keberhasilan budidaya karena memengaruhi pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup organisme. Kegiatan ini bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas air melalui penambahan probiotik pada produksi udang vaname di Tambak Rakyat, Kendal, Jawa Tengah. Pemeliharaan dilakukan selama 90 hari di tiga kolam berukuran 780 m² dengan kepadatan 128 ekor/m². Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa parameter fisik dan kimia air masih dalam kisaran optimal, dengan suhu 27–33?, salinitas 9–11 ppt, pH 7,1–8,9, DO 4,5–8,8 mg/L, alkalinitas 91,66–167,23 mg/L, amonia 0,02–0,37 mg/L, nitrit 0,19–0,76 mg/L, nitrat 0,02–0,34 mg/L, dan fosfat 0,28–1,68 mg/L. Tingkat sintasan mencapai 79,67%. Peran probiotik terbukti positif dalam menjaga stabilitas kualitas air dan meningkatkan performa budidaya. Dibandingkan dengan budidaya tanpa probiotik yang memiliki survival rate 60–70%, penggunaan probiotik mampu meningkatkan nilai tersebut. Probiotik juga membantu menurunkan amonia dan nitrit serta meningkatkan daya tahan udang terhadap stres. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi probiotik berkontribusi nyata dalam mendukung keberhasilan budidaya udang vaname.

Water quality is a key factor in the success of aquaculture because it affects the growth and survival of aquatic organisms. This study aimed to improve water quality through the application of probiotics in the production of Pasific whiteleg shrimp at Tambak Rakyat, Kendal, Central Java. The cultivation was conducted for 90 days in three ponds measuring 780 m² each, with a stocking density of 128 shrimp/m². The results showed that physical and chemical water parameters remained within optimal ranges, including temperature 27–33?, salinity 9-11 ppt, pH 7,1–8,9, dissolved oxygen 4,5–8,8 mg/L, alkalinity 91.66–167,23 mg/L, ammonia 0,02–0,37 mg/L, nitrite 0.19–0.76 mg/L, nitrate 0.02–0.34 mg/L, and phosphate 0,28–1,68 mg/L. The survival rate reached 79,67%. The role of probiotics was proven to be positive in maintaining water quality stability and enhancing cultivation performance. Compared to non-probiotic cultivation, which had survival rates of 60–70%, probiotic use significantly improved outcomes. Probiotics also helped reduce ammonia and nitrite levels and increased shrimp resistance to stress. These results indicate that probiotic application significantly contributes to the success of Pasific whiteleg shrimp culture.