Pemanfaatan Limbah Sludge dan Bottom Ash sebagai Bahan Baku Alternatif Wood Pellet di PT Bukit Asam Tbk

Abstract

PT Bukit Asam Tbk telah mendukung program energi baru terbarukan, yaitu mengembangkan wood pellet namun dalam pengembangannya masih membutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut. Sebagai salah satu peluang mendukung energi baru terbarukan, maka dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut menggunakan tanaman kaliandra dan melibatkan dua jenis limbah padat yang belum terkelola secara optimal di PT Bukit Asam Tbk. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menilai komposisi ideal dalam pembuatan wood pellet berdasarkan kadar air, kadar abu, nilai kalor, dan laju pembakaran, serta memberikan rekomendasi penggunaan wood pellet berbahan dasar kaliandra, bottom ash, dan sludge di PT Bukit Asam Tbk. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimental dengan empat tahapan penelitian dan pengujian 4 parameter dengan 3 parameter mengacu pada SNI 8021:2020 tentang pelet kayu. Hasil ideal diperoleh pada perlakuan KBS 2 dengan variasi komposisi 700 gram serbuk kaliandra, 100 gram bottom ash, 200 gram sludge, dan alternatif 4 menjadi rekomendasi yang dipilih karena kebutuhan bahan dan lahan untuk pembuatan wood pellet menyesuaikan kondisi eksisting saat ini.

PT Bukit Asam Tbk has supported the renewable energy program by developing wood pellets; however, further research is still required in its development. As one of the opportunities to support renewable energy, additional research was conducted using the calliandra plant and involving two types of solid waste that have not been optimally managed at PT Bukit Asam Tbk. The study aims to assess the ideal composition for wood pellet production based on moisture content, ash content, calorific value, and combustion rate, as well as to provide recommendations for the use of wood pellets made from calliandra, bottom ash, and sludge at PT Bukit Asam Tbk. The method used is experimental, consisting of four research stages and testing four parameters, with three parameters referring to SNI 8021:2020 concerning wood pellets. The ideal results were obtained in the KBS 2 treatment with a composition variation of 700 grams of calliandra powder, 100 grams of bottom ash, and 200 grams of sludge. Alternative 4 was selected as the recommended option because the material and land requirements for wood pellet production are adjusted to the current existing conditions.