Pengaruh Pemberian Konsentrat yang Berbeda Terhadap Kecukupan Nutrien, Performa, dan Keuntungan Usaha Sapi Perah Anggota KPBS Pangalengan

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan pengaruh penggunaan konsentrat jenis RC-Super dan RC-Premium yang diproduksi KPBS Pangalengan terhadap kecukupan nutrien, performa sapi perah, dan keuntungan usaha peternak. Meskipun RC-Premium memiliki kualitas lebih tinggi, harganya lebih mahal dan belum sepenuhnya dipercaya peternak, sehingga mereka tetap menambahkan ampas tahu dalam ransum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuasi-eksperimen dengan data diperoleh melalui wawancara, pengukuran, pengamatan langsung, dan analisis laboratorium terhadap 16 ekor sapi perah fase awal laktasi (bulan 1–3) dengan dua perlakuan: P1 (hijauan + RC-Super + ampas tahu) dan P2 (hijauan + RC-Premium + ampas tahu). Parameter yang diamati meliputi kecukupan nutrien, bobot badan, body condition score (BCS), manure score, produksi dan kualitas susu, efisiensi pakan (FE), dan income over feed cost (IOFC), yang dianalisis secara deskriptif, Uji-t, korelasi, dan regresi. Hasil menunjukkan kedua jenis konsentrat memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI), kecuali kadar protein kasar RC-Super (14,68%) yang sedikit di bawah standar (15%), dengan harga protein RC-Premium lebih ekonomis per kg, meskipun memiliki harga total digestible nutrient (TDN) yang lebih mahal. Secara statistik, jenis konsentrat tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kecukupan nutrien, performa, dan keuntungan peternak, namun terdapat korelasi negatif signifikan antara pemberian RC-Super terhadap kadar lemak susu (R² = 0,52) dan korelasi positif signifikan antara pemberian RC-Premium terhadap bobot badan sapi (R² = 0,68). Dengan demikian, meskipun belum menunjukkan peningkatan nyata pada performa dan keuntungan usaha, penggunaan RC-Premium berpotensi memperbaiki kondisi tubuh ternak yang penting untuk keberlanjutan usaha peternakan.

This study aimed to compare the effects of using RC-Super and RC-Premium concentrate feeds, produced by KPBS Pangalengan, on nutrient adequacy, dairy cow performance, and farmers’ business profitability. Although RC-Premium is of higher quality, its higher price and limited trust among farmers have led them to continue supplementing rations with tofu waste. The study employed a quasi-experimental design, collecting data through interviews, measurements, direct observations, and laboratory analyses on 16 early-lactation dairy cows (months 1–3), divided into two treatments: P1 (forage + RC-Super + tofu waste) and P2 (forage + RC-Premium + tofu waste). Observed variables included nutrient adequacy, body weight, body condition score (BCS), manure score, milk yield and quality, feed efficiency (FE), and income over feed cost (IOFC), analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, correlation, and regression analyses. Results showed that both concentrates qualify Indonesian National Standard (SNI), except for the crude protein content in RC-Super (14.68%), which was slightly below the 15% standard, with RC-Premium offering a lower cost per kilogram of crude protein despite having a higher total digestible nutrient (TDN) price. Statistically, the type of concentrate had no significant effect on nutrient adequacy, performance, and business profitability, but there was a significant negative correlation between RC-Super supplementation and milk fat content (R² = 0.52), and a significant positive correlation between RC-Premium use and body weight (R² = 0.68). Therefore, although RC-Premium has not yet shown a significant improvement in performance or profitability, it has potential to enhance body condition, which is crucial for the sustainability of dairy farming operations.