Struktur Ruang Tradisional Suku Dayak Iban di Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu, Kalimantan Barat

Abstract

Indonesia memiliki beraneka ragam etnis yang masing-masing memiliki kearifan lokal khususnya dalam hal penggunaan lahan dan tata ruang, salah satunya Suku Dayak Iban. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis struktur ruang tradisional Suku Dayak Iban dan keberlanjutannya melalui mekanisme knowledge transfer serta menganalisis keselarasan struktur ruang tradisional Suku Dayak Iban dengan UU Nomor 26 Tahun 2007. Data dikumpulkan melalui metode studi literatur, wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, pemetaan partisipatif, FGD, dan studi dokumen serta analisis isi. Data yang telah didapatkan kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan spasial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan struktur ruang tradisional yang meliputi lahan sakral, lahan bersejarah, hutan simpanan, lahan konservasi adat, lahan budidaya, dan lahan permukiman. Struktur ruang tradisional tersebut juga diklasifikasikan ke dalam pola ruang menurut UU Nomor 26 Tahun 2007 yang meliputi wilayah dengan fungsi lindung dan fungsi budidaya. Pengetahuan tradisional diwariskan kepada generasi muda oleh para orang tua dan melalui peran NGO, sekolah formal, dan sekolah adat.

Indonesia has a diverse range of ethnicities, each with its local wisdom, particularly in terms of land use and spatial planning, such as the Dayak Iban Tribe. This research aims to analyze the traditional spatial structure of the Dayak Iban Tribe and its sustainability through a knowledge transfer mechanism and analyze the alignment of the traditional spatial structure of the Dayak Iban Tribe with Law Number 26 of 2007. Data were collected through literature studies, in-depth interviews, participatory observation, participatory mapping, FGD, and document studies, as well as content analysis. The data obtained is then analyzed descriptively, qualitatively, and spatially. The results showed a traditional spatial structure that includes sacred land, historic land, protected forest, customary conservation land, cultivation land, and settlement land. The traditional spatial structure is also classified into spatial patterns according to Law Number 26/2007, which includes areas with protected functions and cultivation functions. Traditional knowledge is passed on to the younger generation by parents and through the role of NGOs, formal schools, and traditional schools.