The Application of 28S rRNA DNA Barcoding of Gastropod in Pari Island, Seribu Island, Indonesia

Abstract

Pari Island in the Seribu Islands hosts high marine biodiversity, including ecologically vital gastropods. Morphological identification is often limited by shell variation and species similarity. This study applied an integrative approach combining morphometric analysis and DNA barcoding of the 28S rRNA gene to identify gastropod species. A total of 44 samples were collected from four sites in October 2024. Analyses included morphometric measurements (shell length, shell width, spire height, and aperture length) and molecular methods such as DNA extraction, PCR, electrophoresis, sequencing, BLAST, and phylogenetic tree construction using the Kimura 2-parameter model and Neighbor-Joining method. Five species were identified: Ministrombus variabilis, Terebralia sulcata, Littoraria intermedia, Littoraria scabra, and Littoraria pallescens. All samples were genetically identified with high accuracy. These results confirm the effectiveness of 28S rRNA as a molecular marker and highlight the importance of integrating morphological and molecular approaches to assess gastropod biodiversity.

Pulau Pari di Kepulauan Seribu memiliki keanekaragaman hayati laut tinggi, termasuk gastropoda yang berperan penting secara ekologis. Identifikasi berbasis morfologi sering terkendala variasi bentuk cangkang dan kemiripan antar spesies. Penelitian ini menggabungkan analisis morfometrik dan DNA barcoding gen 28S rRNA untuk identifikasi spesies gastropoda. Sebanyak 44 sampel dikoleksi dari empat lokasi di Pulau Pari pada Oktober 2024. Analisis dilakukan melalui pengukuran morfometrik (panjang, lebar cangkang, tinggi spire, dan panjang aperture) serta metode molekuler meliputi ekstraksi DNA, PCR, elektroforesis, sekuensing, BLAST, dan penyusunan pohon filogenetik menggunakan model Kimura 2-parameter dan metode Neighbor-Joining. Lima spesies berhasil diidentifikasi, yaitu Ministrombus variabilis, Terebralia sulcata, Littoraria intermedia, Littoraria scabra, dan Littoraria pallescens. Semua sampel teridentifikasi secara genetik dengan akurasi tinggi. Hasil ini menegaskan efektivitas gen 28S rRNA sebagai penanda molekuler dan pentingnya integrasi morfologi dan molekuler dalam mengungkap biodiversitas gastropoda.Kata kunci: 28S rRNA, DNA barcoding, gastropoda, morfometri, Pulau Pari.