Populasi Mikrob dan Cacing Tanah pada Lahan Agroforestri Suku Badui

Abstract

Praktik agroforestri suku Badui dilakukan secara tradisional tanpa pupuk dan pengolahan intensif, namun potensi pengaruhnya terhadap kesehatan tanah belum banyak diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik kimia dan biologi tanah pada berbagai umur pengelolaan agroforestri di lahan masyarakat suku Badui. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara deskriptif eksploratif di lahan pertanian suku Badui Luar di Desa Cibungur, Kecamatan Leuwidamar, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten, dengan pengambilan sampel pada empat umur pengelolaan lahan: 0, 1, 3, dan 5 tahun, dan lahan monokultur sebagai pembanding. Parameter biologi yang dianalisis meliputi populasi mikrob tanah, populasi dan biomassa cacing tanah, dan respirasi tanah. Parameter kimia tanah meliputi pH tanah, C-organik, N-total, dan rasio C/N. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa agroforestri umur 3 dan 5 tahun memiliki populasi organisme tanah dan kualitas kimia tanah lebih baik dibanding lahan monokultur dan agroforestri fase awal. Analisis komponen utama mengelompokkan agroforestri 3 dan 5 tahun dalam kuadran yang berkorelasi positif dengan indikator kesehatan tanah. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa praktik agroforestri tradisional yang dilakukan secara kontinyu mampu mendukung pemulihan biologis dan kesuburan tanah, serta dapat dijadikan model pengelolaan lahan berkelanjutan berbasis kearifan lokal. Kata kunci: Analisis komponen utama, kesehatan tanah, monokultur, tradisional

The Badui tribe's agroforestry practices are carried out on a subsistence basis without fertilizers or intensive cultivation, but the potential impact on soil health has not been widely studied. This study aims to analyze the chemical and biological characteristics of soil at various ages of agroforestry management on Badui tribal land. The study was conducted as a descriptive exploratory study in Cibungur Village, Leuwidamar Subdistrict, Lebak District, Banten, with soil samples collected at four management ages: 0, 1, 3, and 5 years, and monoculture land as a control. The biological parameters analyzed included soil microbial and fungal populations, earthworm populations and biomass, and soil respiration. The chemical parameters included soil pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and C/N ratio. The results showed that agroforestry at 3 and 5 years of age had better soil organism populations and soil chemical quality compared to monoculture land and early-stage agroforestry. The first principal component in multivariate analysis explained 64.4% of the variation and grouped 3- and 5-year-old agroforestry into a quadrant positively correlated with soil health indicators. These findings indicate that continuous subsistence agroforestry practices can support biological recovery and soil fertility and can serve as a model for sustainable land management based on local wisdom. Keywords: monoculture, principal component analysis, soil health, traditional agroforestry.