Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/165223
Title: Produksi dan Karakteristik Hydrochar dari Proses Karbonisasi Hidrotermal Makroalga Sargassum sp. dan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit
Other Titles: Production and Characterization of Hydrochar from the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sargassum sp. Macroalgae and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches
Authors: Farobie, Obie
Putra, Fadhila Khatami
Issue Date: 2025
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Isu keberlanjutan energi mendorong pemanfaatan biomassa sebagai bahan baku terbarukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh suhu (180, 200, dan 220?°C), waktu reaksi (30, 60, dan 90 menit), dan rasio campuran biomassa Sargassum sp. dan tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) (100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, dan 0:100) terhadap kualitas hydrochar yang dihasilkan melalui proses karbonisasi hidrotermal, serta mengevaluasi potensi hydrochar dan hidrolisat sebagai bahan bakar padat, adsorben, dan sumber senyawa bioaktif. Proses dilakukan dengan konsentrasi bahan 5% dan tekanan 5 MPa. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa rasio SAR:TKKS 30:70 pada suhu 200?°C selama 60 menit menghasilkan hydrochar dengan luas permukaan dan volume pori tertinggi, masing-masing sebesar 2091,478?m²/g dan 1,085?cc/g, menjadikannya potensial untuk aplikasi adsorpsi. Rendemen tertinggi (62,1%) diperoleh dari rasio 0:100 pada suhu 200?°C, yang juga dinilai sebagai perlakuan terbaik berdasarkan metode De Garmo (nilai produk 0,8605). Penurunan kadar air terendah sebesar 8,8775% tercatat pada rasio 30:70 pada suhu 220?°C selama 90 menit. Hasil SEM memperlihatkan degradasi struktur pada Sargassum sp., sementara TKKS menunjukkan kestabilan lignoselulosa. Nilai pH fase cair (liquid phase) menunjukkan karakter asam akibat dekomposisi senyawa organik, dengan pH terendah sebesar 4,13. Analisis TGA menunjukkan bahwa TKKS mengalami penurunan massa signifikan pada zona devolatilisasi (dari suhu 200 hingga 400?°C), sedangkan Sargassum sp. menghasilkan residu karbon lebih tinggi pada zona char. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik fisikokimia hydrochar dipengaruhi secara kompleks oleh interaksi parameter proses dan komposisi biomassa, serta menunjukkan potensi aplikatif baik untuk energi terbarukan maupun pengolahan lingkungan.
The growing urgency of energy sustainability has driven the exploration of biomass as a renewable feedstock. This study aims to analyze the effects of temperature (180, 200, and 220 °C), reaction time (30, 60, and 90 minutes), and the mixing ratio of Sargassum sp. and oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) of oil palm (100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, and 0:100) on the quality of hydrochar produced via hydrothermal carbonization, as well as to evaluate the potential of both hydrochar and hydrothermal liquor as solid fuel, adsorbent, and a source of bioactive compounds. The process was carried out at 5% biomass concentration and 5 MPa pressure. Results showed that the SAR:OPEFB ratio of 30:70 at 200 °C for 60 minutes yielded hydrochar with the highest surface area and pore volume, reaching 2091.478 m²/g and 1.085 cc/g, respectively, making it a promising material for adsorption applications. The highest yield (62.1%) was obtained from the 0:100 ratio at 200 °C, which was also identified as the optimal treatment based on the De Garmo method (product score of 0.8605). The lowest moisture content (8.8775%) was observed at the 30:70 ratio under 220 °C for 90 minutes. SEM analysis revealed significant structural degradation in Sargassum sp., whereas OPEFB maintained its lignocellulosic integrity. The pH of the liquid phase indicated acidic characteristics due to the decomposition of organic compounds, with the lowest value recorded at 4.13. TGA analysis showed substantial mass loss in OPEFB within the devolatilization zone (200–400 °C), while Sargassum sp. yielded higher carbon residue in the char formation zone. These findings highlight the complex interplay between process parameters and biomass composition in determining the physicochemical properties of hydrochar, and underscore its potential for renewable energy, adsorption, and environmental remediation applications.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/165223
Appears in Collections:UT - Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering

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