Keanekaragaman Spesies Rayap Tanah di Lanskap Permukiman Kota Tangerang

Abstract

Kota Tangerang sebagai salah satu wilayah aglomerasi Daerah Khusus Jakarta mengalami pembangunan infrastruktur fisik dan sosio-ekonomi yang pesat dan masif. Kondisi tersebut diduga telah mengubah komposisi spesies rayap tanah di landskap kota tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keanekaragaman spesies rayap tanah di Kota Tangerang dan menduga risiko serangannya pada bangunan gedung di Kota tersebut. Data dikumpulkan dari 26 kelurahan contoh yang dipilih dengan metode pengambilan contoh acak berlapis. Setiap kelurahan contoh dikubur 20 kayu umpan yang terbuat dari kayu pinus berukuran 2 x 2 x 46 cm mengacu pada ASTM D 1758-06 selama tiga bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan di Kota Tangerang sekurang-kurangnya terdapat tiga spesies rayap tanah yaitu Coptotermes curvignathus, Odontotermes javanicus, dan Microtermes insperatus. Indeks kekayaan spesies rayap tanah di Kota Tangerang adalah 0,44 (rendah), keanekaragamannya 0,71 (rendah), dan kemerataannya 0,65 (tinggi). Keberadaan spesies perusak kayu, khususnya C. curvignathus, serta tingginya frekuensi dan intensitas serangan rayap pada kayu umpan, diprediksi risiko serangan rayap tanah pada bangunan gedung di Kota Tangerang cukup tinggi.

The city of Tangerang, as one of the agglomeration areas of the Special Region of Jakarta, has experienced rapid and massive physical and socio-economic infrastructure development. These conditions are thought to have changed the composition of soil termite species in the city landscape. This study aims to analyze the diversity of soil termite species in the city of Tangerang and assess the risk of their attacks on buildings in the city. Data was collected from 26 sample neighborhoods selected using a stratified random sampling method. Each sample neighborhood had 20 bait logs made of pine wood measuring 2 x 2 x 46 cm, following ASTM D 1758-06 standards, buried for three months. The study results showed that there are at least three species of termites in Tangerang City Coptotermes curvignathus, Odontotermes javanicus, and Microtermes insperatus. The species richness index of subterranean termites in Tangerang City is 0.44 (low), their diversity is 0.71 (low), and their evenness is 0.65 (high). The presence of wood-destroying species, particularly C. curvignathus, along with the high frequency and intensity of termite attacks on bait wood, suggests that the risk of subterranean termite attacks on buildings in Tangerang City is quite high.