Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/165140
Title: Model Bisnis Minyak Kayu Putih Perum Perhutani dalam Kerangka Pencapaian Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Bidang Kehutanan
Other Titles: Perum Perhutani's Cajuput Oil Business Model in the Framework of Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in the Forestry Sector.
Authors: Nugroho, Bramasto
Trison, Soni
Malik, Jamaludin
Rochman, Noor
Issue Date: 2025
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: RINGKASAN NOOR ROCHMAN. Model Bisnis Minyak Kayu Putih Perum Perhutani dalam Kerangka Pencapaian Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Bidang Kehutanan (Perum Perhutani's Cajuput Oil Business Model in the Framework of Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in the Forestry Sector). Dibimbing oleh BRAMASTO NUGROHO, SONI TRISON, dan JAMALUDIN MALIK. Keberadaan hutan sangat melekat dalam kehidupan manusia karena mempunyai tiga fungsi yaitu ekologi, sosial, dan ekonomi. Salah satu perusahaan yang memiliki kewenangan/otoritas dan kapasitas dapat mengelola hutan untuk menjamin pengusahaan produk yang seimbang adalah Perum Perhutani. Perum Perhutani selama ini sudah menjalankan Multi Usaha Kehutanan (MUK) dengan berbagai produk, salah satunya adalah Minyak Kayu Putih (MKP) yang berasal dari tanaman kayu putih (Melaleuca cajuputi). Pengembangan model bisnis komoditi MKP Perum Perhutani menjadi tantangan untuk dapat terus dikembangkan agar memiliki keunggulan kompetitif dan komparatif demi meningkatkan kebermanfaatan baik secara ekonomi, ekologi, dan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) Merumuskan model bisnis MKP yang kompetitif dan berkelanjutan berbasis Business Model Canvas (BMC) dan prinsip-prinsip Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); 2) Mengidentifikasi sumber daya strategis yang mendukung pengembangan MKP; 3) Mengevaluasi daya saing MKP, baik komparatif maupun kompetitif, di pasar domestik dan global; 4) Menilai efektivitas aktivitas utama rantai nilai bisnis MKP dari budidaya, produksi, hingga distribusi dan dampaknya terhadap aspek sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan; 5) Menganalisis pola kemitraan strategis berbasis Penta Helix yang dijalankan Perhutani; 6) Mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai SDGs dalam pengembangan model bisnis agar selaras dengan prinsip ekonomi hijau dan kelestarian hutan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan menggunakan analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif berdasarkan kebutuhan masing-masing kajian. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara, FGD, dan quisener terhadap responden yang telah ditentukan baik unsur Perhutani, mitra Perhutani, Pemerintah daerah, Kelompok Tani Hutan dan stakeholders terkait dengan tehnik snow ball sampling dan purposive sampling yang divalidasi dengan tehnik triangulasi. Beberapa analisis yang digunakan antara lain PAM (Policy analysis matrix) untuk menganalisis keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif bisnis MKP, RBV (Resource Based View) dengan penilaian VRIO (Valuable, Rarity, Imitability, Organization), pendekatan Activities, Outcomes, Impacts and Value (AOIV), kerangka BMC (Bisnis Model Canvas), pendekatan penta helix model dan Analisa statistic menggunakan SEM-PLS untuk mengetahui pengaruh unsur nilai SDGs terhadap model bisnis MKP. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa bisnis MKP Perum Perhutani pada tahun 2019 - 2021 memiliki keunggulan kompetitif dan komparatif pada MKP Perhutani. Sementara itu tahun 2022-2023 tidak memiliki keunggulan komperatif dan kompetitif karena penurunan produktivitas penjualan MKP yang diakibatkan demand terhadap MKP berkurang dan tekanan harga eucalyptus impor berdasarkan nilai Domestic Resource Cost (DRC) dan Private Cost Ratio (PCR). Evaluasi sumber daya mengklasifikasikan kualitas bibit unggul sebagai keunggulan kompetitif berkelanjutan. Sementara itu, fasilitas produksi, kemampuan penyimpanan, dan peningkatan kompetensi SDM tergolong keunggulan sementara. Aktivitas utama MKP Perhutani terintegrasi dalam tiga bidang kunci: hulu (budidaya klon kayu putih unggul), hilir (produksi dan pemasaran MKP), serta dampak multi dimensi yang mencakup aspek sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan. Mitra utama dalam bisnis MKP Perhutani terbagi menjadi lima aktor yaitu pemerintah, pelaku bisnis, akademisi, masyarakat dan media. Sementara itu, yang menjadi catatan untuk Perhutani adalah mitra bersama media yang belum optimal. Analisis pengaruh nilai SDGs terhadap Model Bisnis MKP Perhutani menunjukkan bahwa variabel nilai lingkungan dan nilai ekonomi memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap hampir seluruh komponen model bisnis MKP Perhutani. Nilai kelembagaan juga terbukti berpengaruh signifikan terhadap arus pendapatan, hubungan pelanggan, mitra utama, proporsi nilai, struktur biaya, dan sumber daya utama. Sementara itu, nilai sosial tidak menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan pada komponen manapun. Berdasarkan BMC MKP Perhutani memiliki keunikan tersendiri yang didasarkan pada sumber daya alam yang dimiliki perusahaan, yaitu hutan tanaman industri kayu putih. Pelanggan utama MKP Perhutani adalah industri farmasi, kosmetik, makanan dan minuman, serta konsumen individu yang mencari produk alami untuk kesehatan dan perawatan tubuh. Nilai utama yang ditawarkan adalah MKP berkualitas tinggi dengan kandungan sineol yang tinggi, memiliki khasiat alami untuk kesehatan, dan berasal dari sumber yang berkelanjutan. Saluran distribusi yang digunakan meliputi jaringan distribusi farmasi, toko bahan alami, e-commerce, dan kerjasama dengan perusahaan farmasi atau kosmetik. Perhutani membangun hubungan dengan pelanggan melalui layanan pelanggan yang baik, jaminan kualitas produk, dan edukasi mengenai manfaat MKP. Sumber pendapatan utama berasal dari penjualan MKP dalam bentuk minyak curah, dalam berbagai kemasan dan bentuk, baik dalam bentuk bulk maupun produk jadi. Sumber daya utama meliputi lahan hutan tanaman industri kayu putih, pabrik pengolahan, tenaga kerja terampil, teknologi penyulingan, dan merek Perhutani yang kuat. Aktivitas utama meliputi budidaya tanaman kayu putih, pemanenan, penyulingan, pengemasan, dan pemasaran. strategis dengan lembaga penelitian, perusahaan farmasi, dan pemerintah sangat penting untuk pengembangan produk baru, akses pasar, dan dukungan kebijakan. Struktur biaya produksi MKP mencakup biaya budidaya (25%), pemanenan (20%), pengolahan (30%), pemasaran (10%) dan overhead (15%). Berdasarkan pada pemetaan model bisnis MKP Perhutani, guna menguatkan dan mempertajam analisis permasalahan dalam pengelolaan bisnis MKP secara nasional diperlukan kajian yang mendalam terhadap pengelolaan sumber daya hutan pada negara-negara pesaing yang menghasilkan produk minyak kayu putih, minyak eucalyptus atau minyak atsiri. Kata Kunci: model bisnis, minyak kayu putih, tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan, multi usaha kehutanan, hasil hutan bukan kayu
SUMMARY NOOR ROCHMAN. Perum Perhutani's Cajuput Oil Business Model in the Framework of Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in the Forestry Sector. Dibimbing oleh BRAMASTO NUGROHO, SONI TRISON, and JAMALUDIN MALIK. The existence of forests is very much attached to human life because they have three functions: ecology, social, and economic. One of the companies with the authority and capacity to regulate and ensure balanced product management is Perum Perhutani. Perum Perhutani has been running multi-forestry businesses with various products, including Cajuput Oil, which is cajuput oil from the cajuput plant (Melaleuca cajuputi). Developing the cajuput oil commodity business model of Perum Perhutani is a challenge to continuously develop to have competitive and comparative advantages and increase economic, ecological, and social benefits. This study aims to: 1). Formulate a competitive and sustainable cajuput oil business model based on the Business Model Canvas (BMC) and the SDGs principles; 2) Identify strategic resources that support cajuput oil development; 3) Evaluate the competitiveness of cajuput oil, both comparatively and competitively, in the domestic and global markets; 4) Assessing the effectiveness of main activities of the cajuput oil value chain from cultivation, production, to distribution and its impact on social, economic, and environmental aspects; 5) Analyze the Penta Helix-based strategic partnership pattern implemented by Perhutani; 6) Integrate SDGs values in the development of business models to align with the principles of green economy and forest sustainability. The method used in this study is a descriptive method using qualitative and quantitative analysis based on the needs of each study. Data was collected through interviews, FGDs, and questionnaires to respondents who had been determined. Perhutani elements, Perhutani partners, local governments, Forest Farmer Groups, and stakeholders related to snowball sampling and purposive sampling techniques validated with triangulation techniques. Some of the analyses used include PAM (Policy analysis matrix) to analyze the comparative and competitive advantages of cajuput oil businesses, RBV (Resource Based View) with VRIO (Value, Rare, Inimitability, organization) assessments, Activities, Outcome, Impact and Value (AOIV) approach, BMC framework, penta helix model approach and statistical analysis using SEM-PLS to determine the influence of SDGs value elements on the cajuput oil business model. This study reveals that Perum Perhutani's cajuput oil business in 2019-2021 has a competitive and comparative advantage in Perum Perhutani's cajuput oil. Meanwhile, in 2022-2023, it does not have a comparative and competitive advantage due to a decrease in cajuput oil sales productivity caused by reduced demand for cajuput oil and pressure on imported eucalyptus prices based on the Domestic Resource Cost (DRC) and Private Cost Ratio (PCR) values. Resource evaluation classifies superior seedling quality as a sustainable competitive advantage. Meanwhile, temporary advantages are classified as production facilities, storage capabilities, and increasing human resources competencies. Perum Perhutani's cajuput oil main activities are integrated into three key areas: upstream (cultivation of superior eucalyptus clones), downstream (cajuput oil production and marketing), and multi-dimensional impacts that include social, economic, and environmental aspects. The main partners in Perum Perhutani's cajuput oil business are divided into five actors: the government, business actors, academics, society, and the media. Meanwhile, what is noted for Perum Perhutani is that the joint media partners are not yet optimal. Analysis of the influence of SDGs values on the Perum Perhutani cajuput oil Business Model shows that environmental and economic value variables significantly positively influence almost all components of the Perum Perhutani cajuput oil business model. Institutional values are also proven to significantly influence revenue streams, customer relationships, principal partners, value propositions, cost structures, and primary resources. Meanwhile, social values do not show a significant influence on any component. Based on the BMC, cajuput oil Perum Perhutani has its own uniqueness, based on the company's natural resources, namely industrial eucalyptus plantation forests. The main customers of Perum Perhutani's eucalyptus oil are the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and beverage industries and individual consumers looking for natural products for health and body care. The principal value offered is high-quality eucalyptus oil with high cineole content, which has natural properties for health and comes from sustainable sources. Distribution channels include pharmacy distribution networks, natural ingredient stores, e-commerce, and collaboration between pharmaceutical and cosmetic companies. Perum Perhutani builds relationships with customers through exemplary customer service, product quality assurance, and education about the benefits of eucalyptus oil. The primary source of income comes from selling eucalyptus oil in the form of bulk oil, in various packaging and forms, both in bulk and finished products. The primary resources include eucalyptus industrial plantation forest land, processing plants, skilled labor, refining technology, and Perhutani's strong brand. The main activities include eucalyptus cultivation, harvesting, refining, packaging, and marketing. Strategic partnerships with research institutions, pharmaceutical companies, and the government are essential for new product development, market access, and policy support. The cost structure of eucalyptus oil production includes cultivation costs (25%), harvesting (20%), processing (30%), marketing (10%) and overhead (15%). Based on the mapping of Perum Perhutani's cajuput oil business model, in order to strengthen and sharpen the analysis of problems in managing the cajuput oil business nationally, an in-depth study is needed on the management of forest resources in competing countries that produce eucalyptus oil, eucalyptus oil or essential oil products. Keywords : Business model, cajuput oil, sustainable development goals, multi forestry businesses, non timber forest products
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/165140
Appears in Collections:DT - Forestry

Files in This Item:
File Description SizeFormat 
cover_E1601211012_293465712dce4a33bb24b0c1e8f887a6.pdfCover1.47 MBAdobe PDFView/Open
fulltext_E1601211012_2939da7c437b411e9d12c8f00b94a015.pdf
  Restricted Access
Fulltext5.02 MBAdobe PDFView/Open
lampiran_E1601211012_c214536536264707ac9016693dfe2fee.pdf
  Restricted Access
Lampiran498.97 kBAdobe PDFView/Open


Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.