Efektivitas Penambahan Citral pada Pakan dengan Metode Coating Terhadap Kinerja Pertumbuhan Udang Vaname Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

Citral dapat meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan pada organisme akuakultur. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan dosis penambahan citral melalui coating menggunakan binder pada pakan yang dapat meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Penelitian terdiri atas empat perlakuan dosis citral dan empat ulangan yaitu dosis 0 mg kg-1 sebagai kontrol, 75 mg kg-1, 100 mg kg-1, dan 125 mg kg-1 pakan. Citral ditambahkan melalui coating menggunakan minyak ikan sebanyak 0,5% dan binder komersil berbasis lignosulfonat sebanyak 1%. Udang vaname berukuran 1,37±0,01 g dipelihara pada akuarium berukuran 60 × 40 × 40 cm dengan kepadatan 15 ekor per akuarium dan diberi pakan perlakuan secara restricted selama 40 hari masa pemeliharaan. Penambahan citral pada dosis 75 mg kg-1 pakan menghasilkan atraktabilitas pakan tertinggi dibandingkan perlakuan citral lain dan tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol. Perlakuan ini juga menghasilkan rasio konversi pakan dan rasio efisiensi protein tertinggi dan berbeda nyata terhadap kontrol (P<0,05). Bobot akhir, biomassa akhir, laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan penambahan bobot harian udang tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan penambahan citral 75 mg kg-1. Penambahan citral melalui metode coating pada pakan udang dengan dosis 75 mg kg-1 tidak memengaruhi atraktabilitas pakan, namun dapat meningkatkan efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan dan kinerja pertumbuhan udang vaname dibandingkan perlakuan lain.

Citral can improve growth performance in aquaculture organisms. This study aims to obtain a dose of citral addition through coating using a binder on feed that can increase the growth performance of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The study consisted of four citral dose treatments with four replicates, namely a dose of 0 mg kg-1 as a control, 75 mg kg-1, 100 mg kg-1, and 125 mg kg-1 feed. Citral is added through coating using fish oil as much as 0.5% and commercial binders based on lignosulfonate as much as 1%. Vannamei shrimp measuring 1,37±0,01 g werekept in an aquarium measuring 60 × 40 × 40 cm with a density of 15 fish per aquarium and fed with restricted treatment for 40 days of rearing period. The addition of citral at a dose of 75 mg kg-1 feed resulted in the highest feed attractiveness compared to other citral treatments and was not significantly different from controls. This treatment also resulted in the highest feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio and was significantly different from control (P<0,05). The final weight, final biomass, specific growth rate and daily weight gain of shrimp were found in the citral addition treatment of 75 mg kg-1. The addition of citral through the coating method in shrimp feed with a dose of 75 mg kg-1 does not affect the attractiveness of the feed, but can increase the efficiency of feed utilization and the growth performance of vannamei shrimp compared to other treatments.