EFEKTIVITAS PRIMING NANOPARTIKEL PERAK (AgNPs) DALAM MENINGKATKAN DAYA SIMPAN BENIH KEDELAI

Abstract

Penurunan produksi kedelai kerap disebabkan kurangnya ketersediaan benih bermutu akibat rendahnya daya simpan dan laju deteriorasi yang cepat selama penyimpanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas nanopriming partikel perak dalam meningkatkan daya simpan benih kedelai. Percobaan ini menggunakan kedelai varietas Argomulyo dengan daya berkecambah (DB) awal 90% dan Detam 1 (DB awal 87%) dengan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dua faktor: kombinasi varietas dan perlakuan priming AgNPs (tanpa priming dan priming 10% AgNPs), serta periode simpan (0-6 bulan). Benih direndam dalam larutan AgNPs dengan rasio 3:10 (w/v) selama 6 jam pada suhu 27,8-29,1°C. Kemudian benih dikeringkan selama 24 jam hingga kadar air 11,10% (Argomulyo) dan 10,54% (Detam 1). Pengeringan lebih lanjut mengakibatkan retak pada permukaan kulit benih. Selanjutnya benih disimpan di dalam kemasan plastik polipropilen pada suhu 27,8-29,1°C dan RH 64,3%-73,53%, dan diuji mutu benihnya setiap bulan. Kadar air benih pada awal periode simpan, setelah pengukuran ulang, tercatat 11,36% (Argomulyo) dan 11,27% (Detam 1). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan priming AgNPs 10% pada benih kedelai tidak efektif dalam meningkatkan daya simpan. Hal tersebut diduga karena benih setelah priming sudah memasuki fase III imbibisi yang menginisiasi proses deteriorasi lebih awal. Viabilitas Argomulyo dengan priming AgNPs 10% hanya bertahan hingga bulan ke-3 (DB 81%), lebih singkat dibanding tanpa priming (DB 82%) hingga bulan ke-5. Pada Detam 1, benih di-priming AgNPs 10% hanya mempertahankan viabilitas hingga bulan ke-1 (DB 81%), sementara tanpa priming menunjukkan DB lebih tinggi (83%) hingga bulan ke-4. Secara keseluruhan, benih tanpa perlakuan priming menunjukkan viabilitas dan vigor lebih baik serta bertahan lebih lama hingga akhir periode simpan 6 bulan.

Decreased soybean production is often caused by the lack of quality seed availability due to low seed longevity and a rapid deterioration rate during storage. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) nanopriming in enhancing the longevity of soybean seeds. The experiment used Argomulyo (initial germination 90%) and Detam 1 (initial germination 87%) soybean varieties, arranged in a two-factor randomized complete block design: variety and AgNPs priming treatment (unprimed and 10% AgNPs priming), and storage period (0-6 months). Seeds were soaked in AgNPs solution at a 3:10 (w/v) seed-to-solution ratio for 6 hours at 27.8-29.1°C. The seeds were then dried for 24 hours to a moisture content of 11.10% (Argomulyo) and 10.54% (Detam 1). Further drying resulted in cracks on the surface of the seed coat. Subsequently, seeds were stored in polypropylene plastic packaging at 27.8-29.1°C and 64.3%-73.53% RH, and their quality was tested monthly. The seed moisture content at the beginning of the storage period, after re-measurement, was recorded as 11.36% (Argomulyo) and 11.27% (Detam 1). Results showed that 10% AgNPs priming treatment on soybean seeds was not effective in enhancing seed longevity. This was presumably due to primed seeds entering phase III imbibition, which initiated the earlier deterioration process. The viability of Argomulyo seeds with 10% AgNPs priming only lasted up to month 3 (81% germination), which was shorter compared to unprimed seeds that remained high (82%) up to month 5 of storage. For Detam 1, seeds primed with 10% AgNPs only maintained viability up to month 1 (81% germination), whereas unprimed seeds showed higher germination (83%) up to month 4. Overall, unprimed seeds demonstrated better viability and vigor, and they lasted longer until the end of the 6-month storage period. Thus, it is concluded that 10% AgNPs priming on soybean seeds was less effective in enhancing seed longevity.