Penerapan Response Surface Methodology untuk optimasi polifenol dan aktivitas antioksidan daun jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius).

Abstract

Jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius) adalah tanaman herbal yang efektif untuk mengatasi gangguan pencernaan, infeksi kulit, dan inflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan ekstraksi maserasi daun jeruju menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) untuk mendapatkan kandungan fenolik, flavonoid, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Total fenolik diukur dengan metode Folin Ciocalteu, total flavonoid dengan metode AlCl3, dan aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2 pikrihidrazil). Variasi suhu, waktu ekstraksi, dan konsentrasi pelarut diterapkan, kemudian data dianalisis menggunakan Design Expert 13.0. Hasil menunjukkan total fenolik tertinggi pada suhu 37,5?, waktu 12,5 jam, dan pelarut etanol 50% (12,56 mg GAE/g BK), sedangkan total flavonoid dan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi pada suhu 25?, waktu 12,5 jam, dan pelarut etanol 0% (1,56 mg QE/g BK dan 21,19 µmol TE/g BK). Verifikasi dengan suhu 25?, waktu 12,5 jam, dan etanol 22,5% menghasilkan nilai TPC 12,16 mg GAE/g BK, TFC 1,35 mg QE/g BK, dan DPPH 21,57 µmol TE/g BK. Nilai %RSE pada ketiganya di bawah 10%, menunjukkan model yang ideal dan dapat digunakan.

Jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius) is a medicinal plant effective for treating digestive disorders, skin infections, and inflammation. This study optimized the maceration extraction of jeruju leaves using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to obtain phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. Total phenolics were measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, total flavonoids by the AlCl3 method, and antioxidant activity by the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl) method. Extraction was carried out with variations in temperature, extraction time, and solvent concentration, and the data were analyzed using Design Expert 13.0. The results showed the highest total phenolic content at 37.5?, 12.5 hours, and 50% ethanol (12.56 mg GAE/g dry weight), while the highest total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity were found at 25?, 12.5 hours, and 0% ethanol (1.56 mg QE/g dry weight and 21.19 µmol TE/g dry weight, respectively). Verification at 25?, 12.5 hours, and 22.5% ethanol yielded a TPC of 12.16 mg GAE/g dry weight, TFC of 1.35 mg QE/g dry weight, and DPPH value of 21.57 µmol TE/g dry weight. The %RSE values for all three were below 10%, indicating the model is ideal and can be used.