Intergrating Local Knowledge, Socio-Cultural Insights, and Spatial Planning for Sustainable Mariculture Development on Mohèli, Comoros

Abstract

The study investigates the potential for sustainable mariculture development on Mohéli Island, Comoros, where traditional fishing remains the primary livelihood. With declining fish stocks and growing ecological degradation, mariculture is increasingly viewed as a viable alternative to enhance food security and diversify income sources. However, its success relies on ensuring alignment with local ecological conditions and socio-cultural values, making participatory and informed planning essential. In response to mounting pressures on marine resources, this study adopts a structured approach built around four interconnected pillars. First, it aims to understand community knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to mariculture. Second, it seeks to evaluate the ecological and economic feasibility of different mariculture types by integrating scientific data with local insights. Third, it works to identify the most suitable development sites through participatory mapping and spatial analysis. Finally, the study strives to recommend inclusive policy strategies that promote sustainable mariculture. Together, these actions form a comprehensive roadmap for responsible marine resource development in small island contexts like Mohéli. A mixed-methods approach was used to gather primary and secondary data. A KAP (Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices) survey was conducted with 105 respondents, mostly fishers, alongside three focus group discussions (FGDs) involving local stakeholders. Participatory mapping sessions were held in eight villages to identify sensitive areas and suitable zones for mariculture. Additional information was gathered through semi-structured interviews, literature review, and GPS-based field observations. Quantitative survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test relationships among knowledge, attitude, and practice variables. Spatial data from participatory mapping were digitized and analyzed using GIS to produce suitability layers. Multi- Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were applied to prioritize ecological, social, and economic criteria for site selection and policy formulation. Most community members (78%) had heard of mariculture, and over 90% showed positive attitudes towards its potential. However, knowledge remained limited, especially in the North. Women showed slightly higher positive attitudes and practices. Seaweed farming emerged as the most preferred mariculture type due to its low cost and environmental impact. Spatial analysis identified ~2,133 ha as suitable zones, mainly in underused northern and southeastern coasts, avoiding ecologically sensitive areas. The study confirms strong community interest in mariculture if developed inclusively and with environmental safeguards. Ecological and social factors were prioritized over economic ones in policy recommendations. The research underscores the importance of participatory planning, gender inclusivity, and co-management strategies. These findings offer a roadmap for balancing ecological sustainability, cultural acceptance, and economic viability in small island mariculture development.