Kandungan Fenolik, Flavonoid, Kapasitas Antioksidan, dan Inhibisi Lipase Pankreas dari Kombinasi Ekstrak Asam Gelugur dan Daun Kelor secara In Vitro

Abstract

Obesitas merupakan masalah global yang terus meningkat. Orlistat memiliki laju disolusi yang lambat sehingga dapat membatasi aktivitas farmakologisnya serta memiliki efek samping yang perlu diwaspadai. Asam gelugur dan daun kelor dilaporkan memiliki potensi penghambatan enzim lipase pankreas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan total fenolik, total flavonoid, kapasitas antioksidan, serta kapasitas inhibisi enzim lipase pankreas (IC50) dari ekstrak asam gelugur dan daun kelor. Metode ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan etanol 70% melalui sonikasi lalu diformulasikan berdasarkan Simplex Lattice Design. Setiap formula diuji kandungan fenolik, flavonoid, kapasitas antioksidan, serta kapasitas inhibisi lipase pankreas dan nilai IC50. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar fenolik, flavonoid, dan kapasitas antioksidan metode DPPH yang lebih baik terdapat pada ekstrak tunggal daun kelor berturut-turut 81,45 mg GAE/g ekstrak, 17,68 mg QE/g ekstrak, dan 75,59 mg TE/g ekstrak. Sementara kapasitasantioksidan metode FRAP lebih baik ditemukan pada formulasi daun kelor dan asam gelugur rasio 2:1. Nilai IC50 yang menunjukkan inhibisi lebih baik pada sampel diperoleh pada ekstrak daun kelor tunggal namun tidak lebih baik dibandingkan Orlistat.

Obesity is a global problem that continues to increase. Orlistat has a slow dissolution rate so that it can limit its pharmacological activity and has side effects that need to be watched out for. Asam gelugur and Moringa leaves are reported to have the potential to inhibit the pancreatic lipase enzyme. This study aims to determine total phenolic, total flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, and percent of the pancreatic lipase enzyme inhibition of the combination of asam gelugur extract and moringa leaves. Extraction method is carried out using 70% ethanol through sonication, formulated based on Simplex Lattice Design. Each formula is tested for phenolic content, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, and pancreatic lipase inhibition (IC50 value). The results showed phenolic levels, flavonoids, and the highest DPPH methods of antioxidant activity found in a single extract of moringa leaves respectively 81.45 mg GAE/g Extract, 17.68 mg QE/g Extract, and 75.59 mg TE/g extract. While the better FRAP method of antioxidant capacity is found in the formulation of Moringa leaves and asam gelugur ratio 2: 1. IC50 value obtained that represents better minimum 50% inhibitory concentration shows in Moringa leaf extract but not better than Orlistat as the positive control.