Identifikasi Karakteristik Beberapa Sifat Tanah di Sekitar Pertambangan Emas, Kecamatan Nanggung.

Abstract

Kegiatan pertambangan emas memiliki dampak positif dan negatif hagi lingkungan, terutama terhadap lahan pertanian dan pemukiman warga. Berbagai bentuk kerusakan tanah akibat kegiatan pertambangan emas yang pengelolaannya dilakukan secara kurang bijaksana dapat terjadi diantaranya berupa penurunan produktivitas lahan pertanian serta kerusakan sifat fisik tanah dan penurunan bahan organik tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sifat fisik tanah (tekstur tanah, bobot isi, agregat tanah tahan air) dan sifat kimia tanah (C-organik, N-total) di lahan bekas tambang, Desa Bantarkaret dan Desa Cisarua, Kecamatan Nanggung, Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai Oktober 2024. Pengambilan contoh tanah dilakukan di 7 Satuan Peta Tanah (SPT) pada zona buffer berjarak 500 meter, 1000 meter, dan 2000 meter dari area pertambangan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa secara umum sifat kimia tanah memengaruhi fisik tanah. Sifat fisik tanah yang baik juga berkaitan erat dengan kandungan unsur kimia yang terkandung dalam tanah. Sifat fisik dan kimia tanah di lokasi penelitian lebih erat kaitannya dengan penggunaan lahan dibandingkan dengan zonasi buffer.

Gold mining activities have both positive and negative impacts on the environment, particularly on agricultural land and residential areas. When poorly managed, these activities can lead to various forms of land degradation, including reduced agricultural productivity, alterations to the soil's physical properties, and a decline in soil organic matter. This research aims to assess the physical properties of soil-such as texture, bulk density, and water-stable aggregates-and chemical properties, including organic carbon (C-organic) and total nitrogen (N-total), in post-mining areas of Bantarkaret and Cisarua Villages, Nanggung District, Bogor Regency. The study was conducted from February to October 2024. Soil samples were collected from seven Soil Map Units (SPUs) located within buffer zones at distances of 500 meters, 1000 meters, and 2000 meters from the mining site. The analysis results indicate that, in general, the chemical properties of the soil significantly influence its physical characteristics. Healthy physical soil conditions are closely linked to the presence of essential chemical components. At the research site, soil physical and chemical properties show a stronger correlation with land use type than with buffer zone proximity.