Kajian Integrasi Status Kesuburan Tanah, Kesesuaian Lahan, Tata Ruang dan Komoditas Unggulan di Kabupaten Musi Rawas Utara

Abstract

Sektor pertanian, khususnya perkebunan, berkontribusi besar terhadap pembangunan wilayah. Kabupaten Musi Rawas Utara memiliki potensi pengembangan komoditas perkebunan karena kondisi geografis dan lahan yang mendukung. Namun, kurangnya informasi komprehensif karakteristik tanah menjadi kendala utama. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi status kesuburan tanah menggunakan metode Five Major Soil Chemical Properties (FMSCP), Basic Cation Saturation Ratio (BCSR), dan Sufficiency Level of Available Nutrients (SLAN); evaluasi kesesuaian lahan aktual dan potensial; menentukan areal sesuai kebijakan tata ruang dan peraturan nasional; penetapan komoditas unggulan komparatif kompetitif dengan metode Location Quotient (LQ) dan Shift Share Analysis (SSA); serta integrasi aspek biofisik dan sosial-ekonomi. Hasil menunjukkan kesuburan tanah areal penelitian didominasi status rendah (FMSCP) serta defisien dan seimbang/cukup (BCSR dan SLAN nasional). Evaluasi kesesuaian lahan aktual pada komoditas karet, kelapa, kelapa sawit, kopi robusta, dan kakao menunjukkan kelas cukup sesuai (S2) dan sesuai marginal (S3) dengan berbagai faktor pembatas. Sebaliknya, kesesuaian potensial menunjukkan kelas sangat sesuai (S1) dan cukup sesuai (S2) setelah upaya perbaikan. Areal penelitian berada dalam kawasan budidaya dan areal penggunaan lain (APL) yang sesuai dengan kebijakan tata ruang nasional. Penetapan komoditas unggulan menunjukkan kelapa sawit sebagai komoditas unggulan komparatif dan unggulan kompetitif. Pengembangan komoditas terdiri atas beberapa kelompok prioritas komoditas hasil integrasi antara arahan pengembangan utama kesesuaian lahan dengan analisis komoditas unggulan komparatif dan kompetitif, dengan kelapa sawit ditetapkan sebagai komoditas prioritas utama.

The agricultural sector, especially plantations, contributes greatly to regional development. North Musi Rawas Regency has the potential to develop plantation commodities due to favorable geographical and land conditions. However, the lack of comprehensive information on soil characteristics is a major obstacle. This study aims to evaluate soil fertility status using the Five Major Soil Chemical Properties (FMSCP), Basic Cation Saturation Ratio (BCSR), and Sufficiency Level of Available Nutrients (SLAN) methods; evaluate actual and potential land suitability; determine areas according to spatial policies and national regulations; determine competitive comparative leading commodities using Location Quotient (LQ) and Shift Share Analysis (SSA) methods; and integrate biophysical and socio-economic aspects. The results show that the soil fertility of the research area were dominated by low status (FMSCP) and deficient and balanced/sufficient (BCSR and national SLAN). The actual land suitability evaluation for rubber, coconut, oil palm, robusta coffee and cocoa commodities showed moderately suitable (S2) and marginally suitable (S3) classes with various limiting factors. In contrast, potential suitability showed highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) classes after improvement efforts. The research area was located within cultivated areas and other use areas (APL) in accordance with national spatial policies. The determination of superior commodities revealed palm oil as a comparative superior and competitive superior commodity. Commodity development consists of several commodity priority groups resulting from the integration of the main development direction of land suitability with the analysis of comparative and competitive superior commodities, with oil palm designated as a top priority commodity.