Dampak Globalisasi terhadap Ketimpangan Pendapatan di Negara-Negara Emerging Asia

Abstract

Globalisasi telah menjadi fenomena penting yang memengaruhi hampir setiap aspek kehidupan masyarakat. Di negara-negara Emerging Asia, peningkatan indeks globalisasi umumnya diikuti pertumbuhan ekonomi yang pesat. Namun, tidak semua negara ini berhasil menekan ketimpangan pendapatan. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh globalisasi terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan di negara negara Emerging Asia pada periode 2010 hingga 2022, menggunakan regresi data panel. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa secara umum terdapat peningkatan tingkat globalisasi, namun ketimpangan pendapatan antar negara cukup bervariasi. Analisis data panel menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan indeks globalisasi secara keseluruhan, globalisasi ekonomi, sosial dan politik berkontribusi dalam menurunkan ketimpangan pendapatan. Faktor lain seperti pengeluaran pemerintah, penyerapan tenaga kerja, dan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) per kapita juga berperan dalam mengurangi ketimpangan pendapatan, sementara pendidikan justru cenderung memperlebar ketimpangan pendapatan di negara-negara Emerging Asia.

Globalization has emerged as a significant phenomenon influencing nearly every aspect of societal life. In Emerging Asian countries, increases in globalization index are generally accompanied by rapid economic growth. However, not all of these countries have succeeded in reducing income inequality. This study investigates the impact of globalization on income inequality in Emerging Asia over the period from 2010 to 2022, using panel data regression. The analysis shows that, in general, there has been an upward trend in globalization levels, however, income inequality across countries varies considerably. Panel data analysis shows that the increase in the overall globalization index, as well as economic, social, and political dimensions of globalization contributes to the reduction of income inequality. Other factors such as government expenditure, labor absorption, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita also play a role in mitigating income disparities, whereas education tends to exacerbate income inequality in Emerging Asian countries.