Kombinasi Ekstrak Air Daun Pulai dan Daun Pepaya sebagai Penghambat Akumulasi Lemak pada Tikus dan Inhibisi Asetil-KoA Karboksilase In Silico

Abstract

Obesitas merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang meningkatkan risiko penyakit kronis. Daun pulai (Alstonia scholaris) dan daun pepaya (Carica papaya) mengandung senyawa aktif yang berpotensi menurunkan kadar lemak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efek kombinasi ekstrak air daun pulai dan daun pepaya terhadap akumulasi lemak pada tikus yang diberi diet tinggi lemak dan kolesterol (HFHC), serta mengkaji inhibisi enzim asetil-KoA karboksilase secara in silico. Sebanyak 19 tikus dibagi dalam lima kelompok: normal (N) (n=3), hiperkolesterolemia (HK) (n=3), pengobatan lovastatin (OL) (n=4), pengobatan ekstrak (OE) (n=4), dan pencegahan ekstrak (PE) (n=5). Perlakuan diberikan selama 10 minggu. Kelompok OE menunjukkan jumlah lemak abdomen terendah (2,04% b/b) dibanding HK (3,06% b/b) dan OL (2,90% b/b) (p>0,05). Kelompok PE menunjukkan peningkatan bobot badan dan akumulasi lemak (3,08% b/b). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah ekstrak dalam pengobatan dapat menghambat akumulasi lemak sementara ekstrak dalam pencegahan dapat meningkatkan bobot badan di masa pertumbuhan. Studi in silico menunjukkan bahwa benzocoronone dan beta-stigmasterol berpotensi sebagai inhibitor asetil-KoA karboksilase.

Obesity is a global health problem that increases the risk of chronic diseases. Pulai (Alstonia scholaris) and papaya (Carica papaya) leaves contain active compounds with potential lipid-lowering effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a combination of aqueous extracts from pulai and papaya leaves on fat accumulation in rats fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet and to assess acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition in silico. Nineteen rats were divided into five groups: normal (N) (n=3), hypercholesterolemia (HK) (n=3), lovastatin treatment (OL) (n=4), extract treatment (OE) (n=4), and extract prevention (PE) (n=5). The treatments were administered for 10 weeks. The OE group showed the lowest abdominal fat content (2.04% w/w) compared to HK (3.06%) and OL (2.90%) (p > 0.05). The PE group exhibited increased body weight and fat accumulation (3.08%). This study concludes that the extract was effective in inhibiting fat accumulation when used as treatment, while its preventive use may lead to weight gain during the growth phase. In silico analysis revealed that benzocoronone and beta-stigmasterol have potential as acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors.