Strategi Pengelolaan Ekowisata Mangrove Kampung Nipah Pasca Rehabilitasi di Desa Sei Nagalawan, Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai

Abstract

Pengelolaan destinasi wisata berbasis ekosistem mangrove menggambarkan bentuk optimalisasi potensi jasa ekosistem pesisir yang diarahkan pada prinsip-prinsip keberlanjutan. Aktivitas ekowisata dalam kawasan ekosistem mangrove dipandang memiliki potensi sinergis dengan upaya konservasi ekologis, khususnya dalam mendukung pelestarian struktur dan fungsi ekosistem. Salah satu ekosistem mangrove yang masih bertahan dan terjaga kelestariannya berada di kawasan Kampung Nipah. Kampung Nipah saat ini diinisiasi sebagai destinasi wisata edukasi berbasis ekosistem mangrove dengan orientasi utama pada upaya konservasi wilayah pesisir. sekaligus mendorong pemberdayaan masyarakat lokal melalui kegiatan pariwisata. Tujuan penelitian adalah menyusun strategi pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove untuk pengembangan ekowisata pesisir di Desa Sei Nagalawan. Guna mencapai tujuan tersebut, maka dilakukan identifikasi kondisi biofisik, sosial ekonomi, dan kelembagaan. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan untuk mencapai kondisi biofisik vegetasi mangrove yaitu dengan metode transek, data sosial ekonomi dan kelembagaan dilakukan melalui depth interview Analisis yang dilakukan untuk proses identifikasi tersebut adalah analisis kondisi eksisting mangrove,Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata dan Daya Dukung Kawasan (DDK), Status Keberlanjutan Rehabilitasi menggunakan analisis MDS, serta gap analisis. Hasil penelitian diperoleh jenis mangrove yang terindentifikasi sebanyak tujuh jeni dan enam objek biota asosaisi pada area seluas ±2Ha. Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata (IKW) dari lima area penelitian dua diantara termasuk dalam kategori sesuai (S) yaitu pada area III dan IV sedangkan tiga area lainnya tidak sesuai (TS). Daya Dukung Dukung Kawasan (DDK) sebanyak 200 orang/Hari. Status keberlanjutan multi. Analisis MDS menunjukkan bahwa keberlanjutan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove di Kampung Nipah tergolong cukup berkelanjutan dengan indeks total 72,69. Dimensi kelembagaan mencatat nilai tertinggi (88,47), diikuti ekologi (74,97) dan sosial ekonomi (68,53). Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa aspek kelembagaan telah berjalan cukup efektif, sementara dimensi sosial ekonomi masih memerlukan peningkatan. Strategi pengelolaan ekowisata mangrove di Kampung Nipah disusun berdasarkan hasil gap analysis antara kondisi eksisting dan kondisi ideal. Strategi ini mencakup tiga dimensi utama: (1) ekologi, dengan fokus pada perbaikan substrat, rehabilitasi, dan koordinasi lintas pihak; (2) sosial ekonomi, melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat, promosi wisata, dan penguatan ekonomi lokal; serta (3) kelembagaan, dengan memperkuat kolaborasi antar sektor dan penyediaan sarana prasarana pendukung. Ketiga dimensi ini diarahkan untuk menutup kesenjangan yang ada demi mewujudkan ekowisata mangrove yang berkelanjutan.

The management of tourism destinations based on mangrove ecosystems represents an effort to optimize the potential of coastal ecosystem services in accordance with sustainability principles. Ecotourism activities within mangrove areas are considered to have synergistic potential with ecological conservation efforts, particularly in supporting the preservation of ecosystem structure and function. One of the remaining well-preserved mangrove ecosystems is located in Kampung Nipah, which is currently being initiated as an educational tourism destination rooted in mangrove ecosystems, with a primary focus on coastal conservation while simultaneously promoting local community empowerment through tourism activities. The aim of this study is to formulate a management strategy for the mangrove ecosystem in supporting the development of coastal ecotourism in Sei Nagalawan Village. To achieve this goal, the research involved identifying biophysical conditions, socio-economic aspects, and institutional frameworks. The biophysical assessment of mangrove vegetation was conducted using transect methods, while socio-economic and institutional data were collected through in-depth interviews. The analyses used to interpret these conditions included an assessment of existing mangrove conditions, the Tourism Suitability Index and Environmental Carrying Capacity (DDK), the sustainability status of mangrove rehabilitation using MDS analysis and gap analysis. The results identified seven mangrove species and six associated biota across an area of approximately ±2 hectares. Among the five observed zones, two areas (III and IV) were classified as suitable (S) based on the Tourism Suitability Index (IKW), while the remaining three areas were considered not suitable (TS). The area’s carrying capacity was determined to be 200 visitors per day. MDS analysis showed that the overall sustainability index of mangrove ecosystem management in Kampung Nipah reached 72.69, which falls under the 'moderately sustainable' category. The institutional dimension scored the highest at 88.47, followed by ecology (74.97), and socio-economy (68.53). These findings indicate that institutional aspects are relatively well-established, while improvements are still needed in socio-economic dimensions. The proposed mangrove ecotourism management strategies in Kampung Nipah are derived from the gap analysis between the existing and ideal conditions. These strategies encompass three key dimensions: (1) ecological strategies, which focus on improving substrate conditions, implementing rehabilitation programs, and enhancing cross-sectoral coordination; (2) socio-economic strategies, which involve community empowerment, tourism promotion, and strengthening of the local economy; and (3) institutional strategies, which emphasize inter-sectoral collaboration and the provision of supporting infrastructure. These strategies aim to address existing gaps and promote a sustainable mangrove ecotourism framework.