Efektivitas Pengelolaan Kawasan Ekowisata Mangrove di Desa Tongke-Tongke, Kabupaten Sinjai

Abstract

Ekosistem mangrove memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan ekologis kawasan pesisir serta mendukung kehidupan sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat sekitar. Desa Tongke-Tongke di Kabupaten Sinjai merupakan salah satu wilayah yang memiliki potensi besar dalam pengembangan ekowisata mangrove, namun menghadapi tekanan lingkungan akibat meningkatnya aktivitas masyarakat dan alih fungsi lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kesesuaian kawasan ekosistem mangrove untuk kegiatan ekowisata, menganalisis efektivitas pengelolaan kawasan ekowisata mangrove, serta merumuskan strategi pengelolaan yang adaptif dan partisipatif. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui survei lapangan, wawancara mendalam, kuisioner, dan analisis citra satelit. Analisis data meliputi Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata (IKW), Analisis Efektivitas Pengelolaan Kawasan modifikasi Kesesuaian Wisata Perairan (EPK2WP), serta metode Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar kawasan mangrove tergolong sesuai hingga sangat sesuai untuk ekowisata mangrove. Status efektivitas pengelolaan berada pada kategori “Dikelola Optimum” (81,12%), yang berarti pengelolaan telah berjalan dengan cukup baik namun belum sepenuhnya berkelanjutan. Faktor penentu keberhasilan mencakup kondisi biofisik, partisipasi masyarakat, dan kelembagaan lokal. Strategi pengelolaan yang direkomendasikan mencakup peningkatan kesadaran lingkungan, penguatan peran lembaga pengelola, dan kolaborasi antar pemangku kepentingan. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam perumusan kebijakan pengelolaan ekowisata berbasis konservasi dan pemberdayaan masyarakat untuk mendukung kelestarian mangrove secara berkelanjutan.

Mangrove ecosystems play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of coastal areas while supporting the social and economic well-being of surrounding communities. Tongke-Tongke Village in Sinjai Regency, South Sulawesi, holds significant potential for mangrove ecotourism development; however, it is currently facing increasing environmental pressures due to intensified anthropogenic activities and land-use change. This study aims to (1) assess the suitability of the mangrove ecosystem for ecotourism activities, (2) evaluate the effectiveness of current ecotourism area management, and (3) develop adaptive and participatory management strategies. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques, including the Tourism Suitability Index (IKW), a modified analysis of management effectiveness known as EPK2WP (Effectiveness of Area Management based on the Marine Tourism Suitability Index), and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Data collection involved field surveys, structured interviews, questionnaires, and satellite imagery analysis. Findings indicate that the majority of mangrove areas are classified as suitable to highly suitable for ecotourism development. The management effectiveness is categorized as "Optimally Managed," with a composite score of 81.12%, suggesting that existing management efforts are relatively effective, yet not fully sustainable. Key factors influencing management success include biophysical conditions, community involvement, and institutional governance. Recommended strategies include enhancing environmental awareness, strengthening the role of local institutions, and fostering collaborative stakeholder engagement. This research offers a valuable framework for designing policy interventions in mangrove ecotourism that are grounded in conservation principles and community empowerment, contributing to the long-term sustainability of mangrove ecosystems.