Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Kirinyuh dan Kelor dalam Produksi Tubuh Buah Jamur Tiram Putih

Abstract

Jamur tiram putih merupakan pangan fungsional yang banyak dibudidayakan masyarakat. Tumbuhan kirinyuh dan kelor berpotensi dijadikan substrat untuk meningkatkan nilai gizi dari jamur tiram. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengamati produksi dan kandungan gizi tubuh buah Pleurotus sp. isolat HS yang ditumbuhkan dalam 500 gram substrat jerami (JR), kelor (KL), campuran jerami dan kelor (JRKL; 1:1), serta campuran jerami dan kirinyuh (JRKR; 1:1). Miselium mengkolonisasi substrat 12,5% pada KL dan 18% pada JRKL dari luas total kantong substrat, pertumbuhan miselium terhambat dan tidak muncul tubuh buah. Pertumbuhan miselium dan reproduksi pada substrat JR (fase vegetatif 22-23 hari, fase reproduktif 26-28 hari) lebih cepat dibandingkan substrat JRKR (fase vegetatif 27-28 hari, fase reproduktif 45-48 hari). Efisiensi biologis isolat HS untuk dua kali panen lebih tinggi pada substrat JR (42%) dibandingkan JRKR (22,09%). Tubuh buah pada substrat JRKR berdasarkan berat kering memiliki kadar protein 28,53% dan kadar abu 9,55% lebih tinggi, tetapi kadar lemak 1,08%, kadar karbohidrat 53,34%, dan kadar serat kasar 7,54% lebih rendah dibandingkan substrat JR dengan kadar protein 14,01%, kadar lemak 3,44%, kadar karbohidrat 60,18%, kadar abu 9,14%, dan kadar serat kasar 8,23%.

White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.) is a functional food widely cultivated by the community. Moringa and chromolaena have potential as alternative substrates to enhance mushroom nutrition. This study observed the production and nutritional content of Pleurotus sp. isolate HS grown on 500 g of different substrates: straw (JR), moringa (KL), straw and moringa (JRKL; 1:1), and straw and chromolaena (JRKR; 1:1). Mycelium colonized 12.5% of the KL substrate and 18% of the JRKL substrate based on the total surface area of the substrate bag, mycelium growth was inhibited, and no fruiting bodies were produced. Faster growth and reproduction were observed on JR (vegetative phase 22–23 days; reproductive phase 26–28 days) compared to JRKR (vegetative phase 27–28 days; reproductive phase 45–48 days). On a dry weight basis, fruiting bodies produced on JRKR had higher protein 28.53% and ash content 9.55%, but lower fat 1.08%, carbohydrate 53.34%, and crude fiber 7.54% compared to JR, which contained 14.01% protein, 3.44% fat, 60.18% carbohydrates, 9.14% ash, and 8.23% crude fiber.