Keanekaragaman Spesies Rayap Tanah di Lanskap Permukiman Kota Bekasi, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Kota Bekasi mengalami pertumbuhan penduduk dan konversi lahan yang tinggi, mengubah lanskap kota secara masif dan diduga memengaruhi kondisi bio-ekologisnya, termasuk keanekaragaman spesies rayap tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keanekaragaman spesies rayap tanah di Kota Bekasi. Data dikumpulkan dari 24 kelurahan contoh yang dipilih menggunakan metode stratified random sampling. Spesimen rayap dikumpulkan melalui metode pengumpanan dengan media kayu Pinus merkusii berukuran 2 cm × 2 cm × 46 cm sesuai dengan standar ASTM D 1758-06, kemudian spesiesnya diidentifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat empat spesies rayap tanah, yaitu Coptotermes curvignathus, Macrotermes gilvus, Microtermes insperatus, dan Odontotermes javanicus. Indeks kekayaan spesies 0,55, indeks keanekaragaman 1,25, dan indeks kemerataan 0,90 yang menunjukkan distribusi spesies yang cukup merata di lanskap tersebut. Dapat diprediksi bahwa risiko serangan rayap terhadap kayu dan bangunan di Kota Bekasi cukup tinggi.

Kata kunci: adaptasi rayap, frekuensi serangan, indeks keanekaragaman, kerusakan bangunan, mitigasi risiko

The city of Bekasi has experienced high population growth and built environment development which changes massively the city landscape and allegedly affecting bio-ecological conditions. This study aims to analyze the diversity of subterranean termite species in the residential landscape of the city. Data were collected from 24 “kelurahan” (urban villages) which were selected using stratified random sampling method. Termite specimens were collected using a baiting method with Pinus merkusii wood blocks measuring 2 cm × 2 cm × 46 cm, in accordance with ASTM D 1758-06 standard, then their species were identified. The results of the study revealed the presence of four species of subterranean termites, i.e. Coptotermes curvignathus, Macrotermes gilvus, Microtermes insperatus, and Odontotermes javanicus. The species richness index was 0.55, the diversity index was 1.25, and the evenness index was 0.90, indicating a fairly even distribution of the species in the landscape. It can be predicted that the risk of termite attacks on wood and buildings in Bekasi City is relatively high.

Keywords: attack frequency, building damage, diversity index, risk mitigation, termite adaptation