Kajian Integrasi Penilaian Kesuburan Tanah, Kesesuaian Lahan, Tata Ruang dan Komoditas Unggulan di Kecamatan Sandai

Abstract

Produktivitas pertanian dipengaruhi oleh aspek kesuburan tanah, kesesuaian biofisik lahan, dan tata ruang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengintegrasikan evaluasi kesuburan tanah, kesesuaian lahan, dan pemanfaatan ruang guna merumuskan arahan pengembangan komoditas unggulan secara berkelanjutan di Kecamatan Sandai, Kabupaten Ketapang. Penilaian kesuburan tanah dilakukan dengan pendekatan Five Major Soil Chemical Properties (FMSCP), Basic Cation Saturation Ratio (BCSR), dan Sufficiency Level of Available Nutrients (SLAN). Evaluasi kesesuaian lahan dilakukan terhadap tujuh komoditas berdasarkan Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah (RPJMD), yaitu karet, jagung, lada, kelapa sawit, kakao, kopi robusta, dan kopi arabika. Analisis komoditas unggulan dilakukan dengan metode Location Quotient (LQ) dan Shift Share Analysis (SSA) untuk komoditas yang tumbuh di Kecamatan Sandai, yaitu kelapa sawit, karet, dan kopi robusta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesuburan tanah tergolong rendah menurut FMSCP. BCSR menunjukkan komposisi kation yang seimbang menurut kriteria nasional, namun terdapat defisiensi menurut kriteria internasional. SLAN menunjukkan kondisi defisiensi semua unsur hara menurut kriteria nasional. Evaluasi kesesuaian aktual menunjukkan dominasi kelas S3, dan secara potensial kelapa sawit dan karet dapat ditingkatan menjadi kelas S2. Hasil LQ dan SSA menunjukkan kelapa sawit memiliki keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif tertinggi. Integrasi keempat aspek menunjukkan kelapa sawit sebagai komoditas prioritas I untuk dikembangkan berkelanjutan di areal penelitian.

Agricultural productivity is influenced by soil fertility, biophysical suitability of land, and spatial planning. This study was conducted to integrate soil fertility assessment, land suitability, and spatial utilization in order to formulate guidelines for the sustainable development of leading commodities in Sandai Subdistrict, Ketapang Regency. Soil fertility assessment was conducted using the Five Major Soil Chemical Properties (FMSCP), Basic Cation Saturation Ratio (BCSR), and Sufficiency Level of Available Nutrients (SLAN) approaches. Land suitability evaluation was conducted for seven commodities based on the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD), namely rubber, corn, pepper, oil palm, cocoa, robusta coffee, and arabica coffee. The analysis of leading commodities was conducted using the Location Quotient (LQ) and Shift Share Analysis (SSA) methods for commodities grown in Sandai District, namely oil palm, rubber, and robusta coffee. The results of the study showed that soil fertility was classified as low according to FMSCP. BCSR indicated a balanced cation composition according to national criteria, but there was a deficiency according to international criteria. SLAN indicates deficiency in all nutrients according to national criteria. Actual suitability evaluation shows dominance of class S3, and potentially oil palm and rubber can be upgraded to class S2. LQ and SSA results indicate that oil palm has the highest comparative and competitive advantages. Integration of the four aspects indicates oil palm as the top priority commodity for sustainable development in the study area.