Analisis Neraca Air dan Produktivitas Air pada Sawah dengan Pola Manajemen Air Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD)

Abstract

Adanya krisis air global di tengah perubahan iklim menyebabkan sistem irigasi tidak hanya dituntut untuk menyediakan air, tetapi juga menjaga keseimbangan dengan kebutuhannya secara efisien. Hanya saja, sistem irigasi konvensional kerap kali menyebabkan pemborosan. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan berupa modernisasi irigasi menggunakan pola manajemen air Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) yang dapat memangkas 30% penggunaan air tanpa mengurangi hasil panen, dibantu pemantauan berbasis sensor. Maka, dilakukanlah penelitian dengan tujuan mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan terhadap ketersediaan air serta menganalisis neraca dan produktivitas air pada sawah dengan AWD. Faktor lingkungan yang paling mempengaruhi dalam ketersediaan air adalah curah hujan dan suhu udara. Selama masa tanam, kebutuhan air irigasi terakumulasi sebesar 104 mm. Akumulasi nilai presipitasi sebesar 730,1 mm; irigasi sebesar 1067,3 mm; evapotranspirasi tanaman sebesar 224,5 mm; drainase sebesar 42,7 mm; serta perkolasi sebesar 4,81 mm/hari. Produktivitas air melalui pendekatan tanaman bernilai 0,9-1,7 kg/m3, sedangkan melalui pendekatan air input bernilai 0,2-0,4 kg/m3.

The global water crisis in the midst of climate change means that irrigation systems are not only required to provide water, but also to maintain a balance with its needs efficiently. However, conventional irrigation systems often cause waste. Efforts can be made in the form of irrigation modernization using Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) water management patterns that can cut 30% of water use without reducing crop yields, assisted by sensor-based monitoring. So, a study was conducted with the aim of knowing the effect of the environment on water availability and analyzing water balance and productivity in rice fields with AWD. The most influential environmental factors in water availability are rainfall and air temperature. During the planting period, the irrigation water requirement accumulated by 104 mm. The accumulated value of precipitation was 730.1 mm; irrigation was 1067.3 mm; crop evapotranspiration was 224.5 mm; drainage was 42.7 mm; and percolation was 4.81 mm/day. Water productivity through the crop approach is 0.9-1.7 kg/m3, while through the input water approach is 0.2-0.4 kg/m3.