Human-Wildlife Conflict in Indonesia: Pathways Toward Coexistence Policies

Abstract

Wildlife is an inseparable part of Indonesia. It is estimated that there are more than 300,000 wildlife species or 17% of the world wildlife live in Indonesia, even though Indonesia's land is only 1.3% of the world's land. Indonesia has the most mammals in the world (515 species) and is inhabited by 1,539 bird species. Other than that, 45% of the world fish live in Indonesia waters. Indonesia also becomes the habitat of endemic wildlife, wildlife which can only be found in Indonesia. There are 259 endemic mammals, 382 endemic birds, and 172 endemic amphibians (IUCN, 2011). The existence of the endemic species is important because if those endemic animals are extinct, it will also be extinct in the world. Despite rich in biodiversity, Indonesia is also notorious as a country which has long list of the threatened wildlife. According to IUCN, 2011; the threatened wildlife in Indonesia includes 184 mammals, 119 birds, 32 reptiles, 32 amphibians, and 140 fish. There are 68 species which are critically endangered and 69 endangered species, and 517 vulnerable species. This wildlife will be eventually extinct if there is no action to save them from extinction. ...