Isolasi, Seleksi, dan Aplikasi Bakteri Kandidat Probiotik pada Sistem Bioflok untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Pertumbuhan Udang Vaname

Abstract

Produksi udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) di Indonesia belum mencapai target salah satunya disebabkan oleh tingginya serangan penyakit. Kondisi ini berdampak pada meningkatnya angka mortalitas dan terhambatnya pertumbuhan. Upaya pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah penerapan sistem bioflok yang diperkaya dengan penambahan bakteri probiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi, menyeleksi, dan mengaplikasikan bakteri kandidat probiotik pada sistem bioflok untuk meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan udang vaname. Hasil isolasi dan seleksi bakteri kandidat probiotik pada sistem bioflok diperoleh tiga isolat terbaik yaitu 1AP (Tenacibaculum discolor), 2AP (Acinetobacter sp.), dan 1UP (Vibrio tubiashii). Tiga isolat terbaik tersebut selanjutnya diuji in vivo pada udang vaname menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan, yaitu kontrol tanpa probiotik (K), bioflok ditambah probiotik Tenacibaculum discolor (1AP), bioflok ditambah probiotik Acinetobacter sp. (2AP), dan bioflok ditambah probiotik Vibrio tubiashii (1UP) dengan masing-masing empat ulangan. Udang vaname yang digunakan memiliki bobot awal rata-rata 0,08 ± 0,01 g. Pemeliharaan dilakukan selama 30 hari dengan kepadatan 1.000 ekor m-3. Parameter yang diamati meliputi tingkat kelangsungan hidup, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, rasio konversi pakan, total haemocyte count, aktivitas fagositosis, volume flok, kelimpahan bakteri, dan kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bakteri 1AP (Tenacibaculum discolor), bakteri 2AP (Acinetobacter sp.), dan bakteri 1UP (Vibrio tubiashii) yang diisolasi dan diseleksi berdasarkan kemampuan enzimatiknya mampu meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan udang vaname yang diaplikasikan pada sistem bioflok. Hasil terbaik ditunjukkan pada perlakuan penambahan bakteri 2AP (Acinetobacter sp.).

The production of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Indonesia has not reached its target, one of the reasons being the high incidence of disease. This condition has an impact on increasing mortality rates and stunted growth. Preventive efforts that can be made to overcome these problems are the application of a biofloc system enriched with the addition of probiotic bacteria. This study aims to isolate, select, and apply candidate probiotic bacteria to the biofloc system to improve the growth performance of whiteleg shrimp. The results of the isolation and selection of candidate probiotic bacteria in the biofloc system obtained three best isolates, namely 1AP (Tenacibaculum discolor), 2AP (Acinetobacter sp.), and 1UP (Vibrio tubiashii). The three best isolates were then tested in vivo on whiteleg shrimp using a completely randomized design with four treatments, namely control without probiotics (K), biofloc plus probiotic Tenacibaculum discolor (1AP), biofloc plus probiotic Acinetobacter sp. (2AP), and biofloc plus probiotic Vibrio tubiashii (1UP) with four replications each. The whiteleg shrimp used had an average initial weight of 0.08 ± 0.01 g. Maintenance was carried out for 30 days with a density of 1,000 fish m-3. Parameters observed included survival rate, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, total haemocyte count, phagocytosis activity, floc volume, bacterial abundance, and water quality. The results of the study showed that 1AP bacteria (Tenacibaculum discolor), 2AP bacteria (Acinetobacter sp.), and 1UP bacteria (Vibrio tubiashii) isolated and selected based on their enzymatic capabilities were able to improve the growth performance of whiteleg shrimp applied to the biofloc system. The best results were shown in the treatment of adding 2AP bacteria (Acinetobacter sp.).