Efisiensi dan Determinan Ekspor Subsektor Kehutanan Indonesia ke Kawasan Uni Eropa

Abstract

Sektor kehutanan mempunyai potensi dalam mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia. Akan tetapi, sektor kehutanan erat kaitannya dengan laju deforestasi sehingga menjadi perhatian global dalam mengatur regulasi kehutanan. Salah satu regulasi yang mengatur sektor kehutanan adalah kerangka kerja Forest Law Enforcement, Governance, and Trade (FLEGT) yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2003 oleh Uni Eropa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai efisiensi ekspor sebelum dan sesudah pemberlakukan kerangka kerja FLEGT dan determinan ekspor serta inefisiensi ekspor subsektor kehutanan Indonesia ke negara-negara Uni Eropa selama periode 2007-2023. Metode yang digunakan adalah Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai ratarata efisiensi ekspor setelah pemberlakukan FLEGT sebesar 41 persen, turun 4,5 persen dari sebelum pemberlakuan FLEGT. Variabel GDP riil negara mitra berpengaruh positif dan signifikan. Sedangkan GDP riil Indonesia dan jarak ekonomi berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap ekspor. Kemudian, variabel trade openness, logistics performance index, dummy lisensi FLEGT secara rata-rata berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan. Sedangkan, dummy EUTR berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap inefisiensi ekspor.

The forestry sector has the potential to support Indonesia's economic growth. However, the forestry sector is closely related to the rate of deforestation, which has become a global concern in regulating forestry regulations. One of the regulations governing the forestry sector is the Forest Law Enforcement, Governance, and Trade (FLEGT) framework issued in 2003 by the European Union. This study aims to analyze the value of export efficiency before and after the implementation of the FLEGT framework and the determinants of exports as well as the inefficiency of Indonesia's forestry subsector exports to EU countries during the period 2007-2023. The method used is the Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model. The results showed that the average value of export efficiency after the implementation of FLEGT was 41 percent, down 4.5 percent from before the implementation of FLEGT. The variable of real GDP of partner countries has a positive and significant effect. Meanwhile, Indonesia's real GDP and economic distance have a negative and significant effect on exports. Then, the variables of trade openness, logistics performance index, FLEGT license dummy on average have a negative and significant effect. Meanwhile, EUTR dummy has a positive and significant effect on export inefficiency.