Analisis Kepekaan Lingkungan Terhadap Tumpahan Minyak di Pesisir Karawang

Abstract

Pesisir Kabupaten Karawang berpotensi terkena dampak tumpahan minyak yang bersumber dari sumur produksi minyak dan gas yang menyebabkan pencemaran minyak akibat kebocoran pipa penyalur minyak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menyusun Indeks Kepekaan Lingkungan (IKL) dan peta IKL. Penelitian ini berdasarkan standar penilaian dari National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) dengan lokasi penelitian di Pesisir Karawang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sumberdaya di wilayah pesisir Karawang yang sensitif terhadap tumpahan minyak meliputi tipe pantai dengan jumlah panjang pantai mangrove 34,76 km (44,74%); hutan mangrove dengan luas 414,68 ha; perikanan tangkap dengan nelayan sebanyak 6.832 dan produksi sebesar 9.319,38 ton/tahun; dan perikanan budidaya dengan rumah tangga nelayan sebanyak 5.643 dan produksi 43.389,45 ton/tahun. Nilai indeks kepekaan lingkungan untuk pantai mangrove, hutan mangrove di seluruh lokasi dan budidaya tangkap di wilayah Tirtajaya & Batujaya memiliki kelas IKL sangat peka. Perikanan tangkap dan budidaya tangkap memiliki kelas IKL peka untuk daerah Cilebar, Tempuran, Cilamaya Kulon dan Cilamaya Wetan. Peta IKL dari tiga tema menunjukkan bahwa komponen sosial ekonomi merupakan komponen yang paling sensitif dibandingkan dengan komponen lain. Komponen sosial ekonomi yang paling sensitif terhadap dampak cemaran minyak adalah area perikanan budidaya dan perikanan tangkap.

The coastal areas of Karawang Regency are at risk of being affected by oil spills originating from oil pipelines leaking. The purpose of this research is to develop an environmental sensitivity index based on the assessment standards of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, with research locations in the Karawang Coast. The results showed that the resources in the Karawang coastal area that sensitive to oil spills are shoreline type of mangrove with a total length of 34.76 km of shoreline; consist of dense mangrove forest with an area of 173.14 ha; capture fisheries with 6,832 fishermen with a production of 9,319.38 tons/year; and aquaculture involving 5,643 fishing households with a production of 43,389.45 tons/year. The environmental sensitivity index value was concluded as very sensitive for mangrove beaches, mangrove forests in all locations and aquaculture in the Tirtajaya & Batujaya areas, while the capture fisheries and the capture aquaculture were concluded as sensitive. The environmental sensitivity index maps of the three themes indicated that the socio-economic component is the most sensitive component compared to other components. Specifically, the socio-economic components that were the most sensitive to the impact of oil contamination were aquaculture and capture fisheries areas.