Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/163179
Title: Struktur Komunitas Kutu Putih dan Musuh Alaminya pada Singkong (Manihot esculenta Crantz) di Kecamatan Ciampea dan Sukaraja, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat
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Authors: Hindayana, Dadan
Sartiami, Dewi
Wahyuni, Putri Indah
Issue Date: 2025
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Manihot esculenta Crantz atau singkong merupakan salah satu bahan pangan penghasil karbohidrat utama di Indonesia, namun produktivitasnya menurun akibat serangan kutu putih. Pengendalian menggunakan musuh alami seperti predator dan parasitoid menjadi alternatif yang ramah lingkungan dibandingkan penggunaan pestisida kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji struktur komunitas kutu putih dan musuh alaminya di Desa Benteng (Kecamatan Ciampea) dan Desa Pasirlaya (Kecamatan Sukaraja), Kabupaten Bogor. Informasi mengenai jenis, kelimpahan, serta hubungan ekologi antara kutu putih dan musuh alaminya diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar strategi pengelolaan hama terpadu yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian dilakukan dari Juli hingga November 2024 dengan metode purposive sampling dengan mengambil 100 tanaman per lokasi pada tiga helaian daun yang terserang kutu putih, spesimen parasitoid di rearing hingga imago muncul, sementara predator dikoleksi secara langsung dan diawetkan dalam alkohol 70%. Setiap lokasi pengamatan memiliki luas ±1.000 m² dan dibagi dalam lima sub-petak secara diagonal, Identifikasi dilakukan hingga tingkat genus atau spesies. Analisis struktur komunitas menggunakan indeks ekologi dan perbandingan antar lokasi yang diuji dengan uji Mann-Whitney pada tingkat signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian menemukan empat spesies kutu putih, yaitu Paracoccus marginatus, Ferrisia virgata, Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi, dan Phenacoccus manihoti. Musuh alami kutu putih yang ditemukan dari kelompok predator yaitu Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Plesiochrysa ramburi, Scymnus sp. 1, Scymnus sp. 2, Theridion sp. serta dari kelompok parasitoid yaitu Anagyrus lopezi dan Acerophagus papayae. Instar satu kupu putih Pa. marginatus merupakan tahap perkembangan yang menunjukkan jumlah individu terbanyak. Populasi kutu putih Pa. marginatus betina lebih banyak dari pada jantan. Data proporsi peran memperlihatkan bahwa kelimpahan dari predator termasuk laba-laba dan tungau predator melimpah dibandingkan dengan parasitoid. Proporsi artropoda hama lain dengan populasi tertinggi terdapat pada spesies Tetranychus kanzawai. Indeks keanekaragaman, kemerataan, dan kekayaan spesies artropoda lebih tinggi di desa Pasirlaya, sedangkan dominansi lebih tinggi di desa Benteng, tingkat parasitisasi A. papayae dan A. lopezi lebih stabil di desa Pasirlaya dilihat dari populasinya tidak jauh berubah antar waktu pengamatan dan kehadiran yang konsisten pada setiap waktu pengamatan, meskipun populasi artropoda tidak berbeda signifikan antar lokasi (p = 1). Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pa. marginatus dan Ph. manihoti sebagai spesies kutu putih dominan, dengan predator Theridion sp. dan C. montrouzieri sebagai musuh alami yang paling melimpah serta parasitoid A. lopezi memarasit Ph. manihoti dan A. papayae memarasit Pa. marginatus.
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the sources of carbohydrates in Indonesia, but its productivity has decreased due to mealybug attacks. Control using natural enemies such as predators and parasitoids is an environmentally friendly alternative compared to the use of chemical pesticides. This study examines the community structure of mealybugs and their natural enemies in Benteng Village (Ciampea District) and Pasirlaya Village (Sukaraja District), Bogor Regency. Information on the types, abundance, and ecological relationships between mealybugs and their natural enemies is expected to be the basis for a sustainable integrated pest management strategy. The study was conducted from July to November 2024 using a purposive sampling method by taking 100 plants per location on three leaves attacked by mealybugs, parasitoid specimens were reared until the imago emerged, while predators were collected directly and preserved in 70% alcohol. Each observation location has an area of ±1,000 m² and is divided into five sub-plots diagonally. Identification is carried out to the genus or species level. Community structure analysis uses ecological indices and comparisons between locations tested with the Mann-Whitney test at a significance level of 5%. The study results found four species of mealybugs, namely Paracoccus marginatus, Ferrisia virgata, Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi, and Phenacoccus manihoti. Natural enemies of mealybugs found from the predator group are Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Plesiochrysa ramburi, Scymnus sp. 1, Scymnus sp. 2, Theridion sp., and from the parasitoid group are Anagyrus lopezi and Acerophagus papayae. Among the developmental stages of Pa. marginatus, the first instar exhibited the highest individual count. The population of female Pa. marginatus mealybugs is greater than that of males. Role proportion data show that the abundance of predators including spiders and predatory mites is more abundant than parasitoids. The highest proportion of other arthropods is found in the Tetranychus kanzawai species. The diversity, evenness, and richness indices of arthropod species were higher in Pasirlaya village, while dominance was higher in Benteng village, The parasitization levels of A. papayae and A. lopezi were more stable in Pasirlaya village, as seen from the fact that the population did not change much between observation times and their consistent presence at each observation time, although the arthropod population did not differ significantly between locations (p = 1). This study concluded that Pa. marginatus and Ph. manihoti as the dominant mealybug species, with predators Theridion sp. and C. montrouzieri, as the most abundant natural enemies, parasitoids A. lopezi parasitizing Ph. manihoti and A. papayae parasitizing Pa. marginatus.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/163179
Appears in Collections:MT - Agriculture

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