Uji Patogenisitas Cendawan Entomopatogen terhadap Hama Kutu Putih (Ferrisia virgata) pada Bibit Sengon

Abstract

Serangan hama kutu putih Ferrisia virgata merupakan salah satu faktor penghambat dalam budidaya sengon (Falcataria falcata) di persemaian. Cendawan entomopatogen jenis Beauveria bassiana dan Metarhizium anisopliae diketahui efektif menyebabkan mortalitas pada serangga dari ordo Hemiptera. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui patogenisitas cendawan entomopatogen B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, dan kombinasi keduanya terhadap kutu putih F. virgata. Uji patogenisitas dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap satu faktor secara in vitro dengan mengamati tiga parameter, yaitu persentase mortalitas, periode letal, dan virulensi selama tujuh hari. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji sidik ragam, uji lanjut Duncan, serta analisis probit untuk menghitung LT50 dan LT90. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, serta kombinasi mampu mengendalikan F. virgata. Perlakuan kombinasi memiliki patogenisitas tertinggi dengan persentase mortalitas sebesar 93%, virulensi 0,64, periode letal tercepat yaitu 1,57 hari, LT50 sebesar 0,75 hari, serta LT90 sebesar 4,71 hari. Kombinasi B. bassiana dan M. anisopliae terbukti lebih efektif dalam mengendalikan F. virgata dibandingkan dengan aplikasi tunggal.

The attack of mealybug pest Ferrisia virgata is one of the inhibiting factors in sengon (Falcataria falcata) cultivation in the nursery. Entomopathogenic fungi of the Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae species are known to be effective in causing mortality in insects of the Hemiptera ordo. This study aims to determine the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and a combination of both against mealybug F. virgata. Pathogenicity was conducted using a single factor Completely Randomized Design carried out in vitro by observing three parameters, namely the percentage of mortality, lethal period, and virulence for seven days. The data obtained were analyzed using the analysis of variance test, Duncan's advanced test, and probit analysis to calculate LT50 and LT90. The results showed that B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and the combination were able to control F. virgata. The combination treatment had the highest pathogenicity with a mortality percentage of 93%, virulence of 0.64, the fastest lethal period of 1.57 days, LT50 of 0.75 days, and LT90 of 4.71 days. The combination of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae is proven to be more effective in controlling F. virgata compared to a single application.