Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/162631
Title: Keberlanjutan Pengelolaan Kawasan Gambut dengan Penilaian Drainabilitas Gambut di Area Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit
Other Titles: Sustainability of Peatland Management through Drainability Assessment in Oil Palm Plantation Areas
Authors: Pulunggono, Heru Bagus
Suharnoto, Yuli
Mukti, Aulia Bahadhori
Issue Date: 2025
Publisher: IPB University
Abstract: Lahan gambut menjadi salah satu alternatif pemanfaatan lahan yang disebabkan oleh berkurangnya lahan berupa tanah mineral, terutama untuk lahan perkebunan (Barani et al. 2021). Pemanfaatan lahan gambut untuk budidaya perkebunan sawit memerlukan upaya adaptasi melalui pengelolaan air (BBSDLP 2020). Salah satu bentuk komitmen tersebut diwujudkan dalam konservasi tanah dan air, antara lain melalui penilaian drainabilitas. Penilaian drainabilitas adalah studi yang bertujuan mengevaluasi kemampuan lahan gambut dalam mengalirkan air secara alami dan menjaga keseimbangan ekologis lingkungan (Rais 2018, RSPO 2021). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji distribusi parameter penilaian drainabilitas, yaitu elevasi Peat Basal Contact (Substratum), Batas Drainase Alami (BDA), Batas Waktu Drainase (BWD), dan kehilagan volume gambut, serta hubungannya dengan ketebalan gambut, laju subsidensi, dan Ground Water Level (GWL) pada kebun sawit di lahan gambut. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa, sesuai hipotesis, kehilangan volume dan prediksi BWD dipengaruhi oleh ketebalan gambut dan GWL. Kehilangan volume cenderung lebih kecil pada gambut yang lebih tebal. Ketebalan gambut yang tinggi dan GWL yang dangkal berkontribusi terhadap perpanjangan BWD serta menurunkan kehilangan volume akibat pembatasan laju subsidensi. Hubungan antara kehilangan volume dan prediksi Batas Waktu Drainase (BWD) terhadap model susbsidensi menunjukkan korelasi yang kuat, terutama pada model subsidensi aktual. Nilai koefisien determinasi (R²) yang tinggi menunjukkan bahwa model regresi memiliki kemampuan prediktif yang baik. Selain itu, kehilangan volume gambut terbukti lebih sensitif terhadap perubahan subsidensi pada model aktual dibandingkan dengan baseline RSPO (5 cm/tahun). Penelitian ini menghasilkan dua faktor kunci sebagai dasar rekomendasi strategi pengelolaan lahan gambut, yaitu Batas Drainase Alami (BDA) dan tinggi muka air (GWL). Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan pendekatan pengelolaan air yang rinci untuk memperoleh data akurat terkait BWD yang erat kaitannya dengan umur produktif gambut. Kombinasi metode analisis hidrologi, konservasi tanah dan air, serta kolaborasi antar pemangku kepentingan, sangat penting dalam menjamin keberlanjutan lahan gambut untuk penanaman kembali kelapa sawit.
Peatlands have increasingly become a key alternative for land utilization, primarily due to the diminishing availability of mineral soil resources, particularly in the context of plantation expansion (Barani et al., 2021). The conversion of peatlands for oil palm cultivation requires adaptive management strategies, with water management emerging as a critical component (BBSDLP, 2020). A core expression of this commitment is the implementation of soil and water conservation measures, operationalized through rigorous drainability assessments. A drainability assessment is a systematic evaluation of a peatland’s capacity to naturally discharge water while maintaining ecological balance in the surrounding environment (Rais, 2018; RSPO, 2021). This study aims to analyze the distribution of key drainability parameters, including the elevation of Peat Basal Contact (PBC) and Natural Drainage Limit (NDL), the Drainage Limit Time (DLT), and peat volume loss. It also examines their relationship with peat thickness, subsidence, and groundwater level (GWL) in oil palm plantations established on peatlands. The assessment seeks to estimate the potential productive lifespan of oil palm plantations by identifying the the natural drainage threshold (NDL) and predicting the time required to reach it, based on subsidence rates across various peat thickness classes. The relationship between volume loss and predicted DLT under different subsidence models revealed a strong correlation, particularly in the actual subsidence scenario. Higher R² values indicate better predictive performance of the regression models. Moreover, volume loss was more sensitive to subsidence in the Actual Subsidence model than in the RSPO Baseline model. The assessment of peatland sustainability based on actual subsidence monitoring data suggests a longer drainage lifespan compared to the RSPO baseline scenario, which assumes a subsidence rate of 5 cm per year. The analysis identifies two key factors underpinning strategic recommendations for peatland management: the natural drainage limit and the depth of the groundwater table. A detailed water management approach is essential to obtain accurate estimates of drainage time limits, which are closely tied to productive lifespan of peatlands. An integrated approach --combining hydrological analysis, conservation of soil and water, and multi-stakeholder collaboration-- is crucial to ensuring the long-term sustainability of peatlands for oil palm replanting.
URI: http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/162631
Appears in Collections:MT - Multidiciplinary Program

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