Analisis Motivasi Nelayan dalam Melanggar Aturan Penangkapan Lobster (Panulirus spp.) di Pangandaran, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Penangkapan lobster di Kabupaten Pangandaran oleh nelayan terus meningkat intensitasnya tanpa mempertimbangkan aspek kelestarian sumber daya. Praktik penangkapan lobster di bawah ukuran layak tangkap secara sadar dilakukan dan menjadi pelanggaran terhadap peraturan yang berlaku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis motivasi nelayan melakukan pelanggaran tersebut berdasarkan aspek ekonomi, moral, dan lingkungan sosial serta merumuskan rekomendasi aksi yang sesuai dengan motivasi tersebut. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan nelayan, pengepul lobster, dan pihak pengawas di lokasi penangkapan utama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan ekonomi menjadi faktor utama, diikuti oleh lemahnya pengawasan, perilaku mengikuti nelayan lain yang melakukan pelanggaran, serta persepsi bahwa peraturan hanya bersifat formalitas dengan sanksi yang ringan. Rekomendasi yang diajukan meliputi sosialisasi peraturan secara berkala, pemasangan himbauan di Tempat Pelelangan Ikan (TPI), pengawasan rutin, dan penegakan sanksi tegas terhadap pelanggaran. Implementasi langkah-langkah ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan nelayan dan kelestarian sumber daya lobster di Pangandaran. Kata kunci: analisis motivasi pelanggaran nelayan; nelayan penangkap lobster; pelanggaran peraturan; penangkapan lobster; pengawasan sumber daya

Lobster fishing practices by fishermen in Pangandaran Regency have intensified without considering the sustainability of lobster resources. Fishermen consciously capture lobsters below the legal catch size, which constitutes a violation of existing regulations. This study aims to analyze the motivations behind fishermen’s continuous violations from economic, moral, and social environmental perspectives, and to develop action recommendations aligned with these motivations. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with lobster fishermen, lobster collectors, and supervisory authorities at key fishing locations. Findings reveal that economic necessity is the primary motivation, followed by inadequate surveillance, peer influence among fishermen who also violate regulations, and perceptions that regulations are merely formalities with lenient penalties. Recommended actions for the Fisheries and Marine Resource Supervision Agency (PSDKP) and the Department of Marine, Fisheries, and Food Security (DKPKP) in Pangandaran include periodic socialization of catch regulations, posting notices prohibiting undersized lobster capture at fish auction sites, regular supervision, and stringent enforcement of penalties. Implementation of these measures is expected to improve compliance among fishermen and contribute to the conservation of lobster resources in Pangandaran. Keywords: analysis of fishermen's violation motivation; lobster fishermen; regulatory violations; lobster fishing; resource supervision