Korelasi Kalsium Dapat Ditukar dan Silikon Tersedia Tanah dengan Serapan Kalsium dan Silikon Batang serta Produksi Jagung Manis (Zea mays L.)

Abstract

ILHAM ADI NUGRAHA SANTOSO Korelasi Kalsium Dapat Ditukar dan Silikon Tersedia Tanah dengan Serapan Kalsium dan Silikon Batang serta Produksi Jagung Manis (Zea mays L.) Dibimbing oleh BUDI NUGROHO dan DESI NADALIA

Salah satu cara meningkatkan hasil panen jagung adalah dengan pengelolaaan agronomik antara lain melalui pengelolaan hara dan pupuk yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh pupuk Ca dan Si dengan melihat hubungan antara Ca dapat ditukar (Ca-dd) dan Si tersedia dalam tanah dengan serapan Ca dan Si batang jagung serta hasil jagung manis (Zea mays L). Percobaan dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan, Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor. Sebagai sumber Ca dan Si pupuk CaSiO3. Analisis tanah dan tanaman dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia dan Kesuburan Tanah, Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian IPB. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tinggi tanaman, bobot tongkol, dan bobot brangkasan. Analisis tanah dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah percobaan untuk menetapkan Ca-dd dan Si tersedia dalam tanah. Analisis tanaman dilakukan sesudah percobaan terhadap kadar Ca dan Si brangkasan/ batang jagung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan pupuk kalsium silikat (CaSiO3) berpengaruh nyata meningkatkan kadar Ca-dd dan Si tersedia di tanah, serapan Ca dan Si batang jagung dan bobot tongkol jagung manis. Hubungan Ca-dd dan Si tersedia dengan serapan Ca dan Si mempunyai nilai r = 0.512 dan r = 0.425. Korelasi antara Ca-dd dan Si tersedia dengan bobot tongkol jagung menunjukkan nilai r = 0.621, nyata dan r = 0.386 tetapi tidak nyata. Peningkatan kadar Ca-dd dan Si tersedia dari kontrol sampai dosis tertinggi CaSiO3 meningkatkan bobot tongkol lebih kurang 43 dan 33 % dibandingkan kontrol. Kata Kunci: jagung, kalsium, pengelolaan hara, silikon

ILHAM ADI NUGRAHA SANTOSO Correlation between Exchangeable Calcium and Available Silicon in Soil with Calcium and Silicon Uptake in Shoots and Yield of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.) Supervised by BUDI NUGROHO and DESI NADALIA

One of the methods to improve corn yield is through agronomic management, particularly by optimizing nutrient and fertilizer application. This study aimed to examine the effects of calcium (Ca) and silicon (Si) fertilization by evaluating the relationship between exchangeable calcium (exch-Ca) and available silicon in the soil with the uptake of Ca and Si in corn stalks and the yield of sweet corn (Zea mays L.). The experiment was conducted at the Cikabayan Experimental Station, IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor. Calcium silicate (CaSiO3) was used as the source of Ca and Si. Soil and plant analyses were carried out at the Soil Chemistry and Fertility Laboratory, Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB. Observations were made on plant height, ear weight, and stover biomass. Soil analyses were conducted before and after the experiment to determine the levels of exch-Ca and available Si in the soil. Plant analyses were conducted after the experiment to determine the Ca and Si concentrations in the corn stover. The results indicated that the application of silicate fertilizer (CaSiO3) significantly increased the levels of exch-Ca and available Si in the soil, the uptake of Ca and Si in corn stalks, and the ear weight of sweet corn. The correlations between exch-Ca and available Si with Ca and Si uptake were r = 0.512 and r = 0.425, respectively. The correlation between Ca-dd and available Si with ear weight yielded r = 0.621 (significant) and r = 0.386 (not significant), respectively. Increases in exch-Ca and available Si content from the control to the highest CaSiO3 dose enhanced ear weight by approximately 43% and 33% compared to the control. Keywords: corn, calcium, nutrient management, silicon