Dampak Globalisasi Terhadap Ketimpangan Pendapatan di Negara ASEAN+3

Abstract

Globalisasi merupakan fenomena yang menggambarkan peningkatan interkonektivitas dan interdependensi antarnegara serta masyarakat di seluruh dunia. Namun, di balik peningkatan tingkat globalisasi tersebut, muncul pertanyaan tentang bagaimana dampaknya terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan dan apakah manfaat globalisasi dapat dirasakan secara merata oleh seluruh lapisan masyarakat di negara-negara ASEAN+3 (China, Jepang, dan Korea Selatan). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perkembangan serta dampak globalisasi terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan regresi data panel. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa secara umum terjadi peningkatan ketimpangan pendapatan di negara – negara ASEAN+3. Hasil regresi data panel menunjukkan bahwa globalisasi dan Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan, sedangkan variabel Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM), pertumbuhan ekonomi, inflasi, pengeluaran pemerintah, memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan.

Globalization is a phenomenon that reflects the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among nations and societies worldwide. However, alongside this rising level of globalization, questions arise regarding its impact on income inequality and whether its benefits are equitably distributed across all segments of society in ASEAN countries. The objective of this study is to analyze the development of globalization and income inequality, as well as to examine the impact of globalization on income inequality. The analytical methods employed in this research include descriptive analysis and panel data regression. The results indicate that, in general, income inequality has been increasing across ASEAN+3 countries. The panel data regression analysis further reveals that globalization and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) have a positive and significant effect on income inequality. In contrast, variables such as the Human Development Indeks (HDI), economic growth, inflation, and government expenditure exhibit a negative influence on income inequality.