Valuasi Ekonomi Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus, Raffles 1821)

Abstract

Populasi siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) terus mengalami penurunan akibat perdagangan ilegal. Salah satu kendala dalam penegakan hukum kasus perdagangan ilegal satwa liar yaitu keterbatasan referensi dalam perhitungan nilai ekonomi dan kerugian yang ditimbulkan. Penelitian bertujuan menduga nilai ekonomi siamang melalui pendekatan harga pasar, pendekatan valuasi kontingensi dan menganalisis hubungan karakteristik responden dengan nilai willingness to pay motif membeli di Taman Safari Indonesia (TSI), pendekatan biaya pemeliharaan, serta membandingkan ketiga metode yang digunakan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu penelusuran online, observasi lapangan, wawancara, dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai ekonomi siamang dengan pendekatan harga pasar, valuasi kontingensi, dan biaya pemeliharaan berturut-turut sebesar Rp13.138.865/ekor, Rp7.053.000/ekor, dan Rp14.019.340/ekor. Karakteristik responden TSI yang mempengaruhi besarnya nilai WTP motif membeli siamang yaitu tingkat pendapatan, tingkat pendidikan, dan usia. Metode pendekatan terbaik untuk menghitung valuasi ekonomi siamang apabila ditinjau dari nilai ekonomi yang dihasilkan, efektivitas dalam pengambilan dan pengolahan data, serta efisiensi biaya yaitu pendekatan harga pasar dikombinasikan dengan pendekatan biaya pemeliharaan.

The population of siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) continues to decline due to illegal trade. One of the challenges in law enforcement against illegal wildlife trade is the limited reference for calculating economic value and losses. The study aims to estimate the economic value of siamang through the market price approach, contingency valuation approach and analyze the relationship between respondent characteristics and the willingness to pay value of buying motives at Taman Safari Indonesia (TSI), the maintenance cost approach, and compare the three methods used. The methods used were online search, field observation, interviews, and literature studies. The results of the study showed that the economic value siamang using the market price approach, contingent valuation, and maintenance costs were respectively IDR 13.138.865/ind, IDR 7.053.000/ind, and IDR 14.019.340/ind. The characteristics of respondents at TSI that influenced of the WTP value of buying siamang motives were income level, education level, and age. The best approach method for calculating the economic valuation of siamang when viewed from the economic value generated, effectiveness in data collection and processing, and cost efficiency is the market price approach combined with the maintenance cost approach.