Waste Management Issue in Indonesia

Abstract

As stated by Wordlometer (2021), the current world population is 7.9 billion as of May 2021, according to the most recent United Nations estimates. Positioned as the fourth most populated country in the world, the Indonesian population has reached 273,523,615. Those massive numbers result in dynamic changes in lifestyle and consumption compared to human civilization decades ago. In simpler societies, much of the energy is provided by manual labor. As societies have become larger, more complex, and more productive, however, they have come to depend on supplemental energy, which comes primarily from burning fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas most notably. As contemporary economies have learned to build larger buildings and cities, move freight around the globe, and grow more food by inputting fertilizers and pesticides (themselves made from petroleum), more energy is required, and so the combustion of fossil fuels increases apace. Modern civilization, put simply, is a carbon civilization (Robbins et al., 2014). Carbon civilization itself comes with abundant waste. More population means more waste. ...